Evaluation of Noise Pollution in Bengaluru City, India During COVID-19 Pandemic

• Autorzy: Anjum Saima , Kumari Anupma

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.24425/aoa.2022.141644

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Most of the Indian cities and towns have been facing serious traffic noise pollution due to urbanization, substantial growth of new vehicles, inadequate road network, etc. Automotive traffic, railroads, and air traffic are the most common sources of noise pollution in cities, with vehicular traffic accounting for around 55% of overall metropolitan noise. Prolonged exposure to such loud noise causes anger, stress, mental diseases, discomfort, hypertension, concentration problems, and sleeplessness. This study aims to investigate the effects of COVID-19 societal lockdown on changes in the noise pollution levels before, during, and after the lockdown period in various industrial, commercial, residential, and silence zones in Bengaluru, India, in light of the recent imposition of COVID-19 societal lockdown. According to data acquired from the KSPCB (Karnataka State Pollution Control Board) online portal, the average noise levels before and during lockdown were determined to be in the range of 59.4 dB to 70.9 dB and 58.2 dB to 62.7 dB for different zones. During the lockdown, all commercial, industrial and educational activities were closed to limit the spread of infection, resulting in usage of private and commercial transportation declining dramatically. Reduction in the noise level was observed during the lockdown in all monitoring stations of Bengaluru, except for Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, where the noise level didn’t decline because of a COVID emergency. Maximum reduction was observed in the commercial area (11.56%) followed by industrial areas (8.34%). The result further indicated that only the industrial area experienced an increase of 8.41% in noise level, while other areas experienced a reduction in a noise level during the early post-lockdown. During the mid and late post-lockdown periods, most locations experienced a rapid spike in the noise intensity.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

noise pollution; Bengaluru; COVID-19 pandemic

• Wydawca: Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN ; Komitet Akustyki PAN ; Polskie Towarzystwo Akustyczne
• Czasopismo: Archives of Acoustics
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: Vol. 47, No. 2
• Strony: 131--140
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 59 poz., fot., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Anjum Saima

• Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Patna University Patna, India

autor

Kumari Anupma

• Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Patna University Patna, India

Bibliografia

• 1. Aletta F., Oberman T., Mitchell A., Tong H., Kang J. (2020), Assessing the changing urban sound environment during the COVID-19 lockdown period using short term acoustic measurements, Noise Mapping, 7(1): 123-134, doi: 10.1515/noise-2020-0011.
• 2. Arora S., Bhaukhandi K.D., Mishra P.K. (2020), Coronavirus lockdown helped the environment to bounce back, Science of the Total Environment, 742, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140573.
• 3. Asensio C., Pavón I., de Arcas G. (2020), Changes in noise levels in the city of Madrid during COVID-19 lockdown in 2020, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 148(3): 1748-1755, doi: 10.1121/10.0002008.
• 4. Ashin M., Bilenko N., Friger M., Sergienko R., Sheiner E. (2018), Is exposure to traffic noise associated with the development of gestational diabetes mellitus?, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 218(1): S583, doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.523.
• 5. Banerjee D., Chakraborty S.K., Bhattacharyya S., Gangopadhyay A. (2008), Evaluation and analysis of road traffic noise in Asansol: an industrial town of eastern India, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 5(3): 165-171, doi: 10.3390/ijerph5030165.
• 6. Basu B. et al. (2021), Investigating changes in noise pollution due to the COVID-19 lockdown: The case of Dublin, Ireland, Sustainable Cities and Society, 65, doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102597.
• 7. Bhosale B.J., Late A., Nalawade P.M., Chavan S.P., Mule M.B. (2010), Studies on assessment of traffic noise level in Aurangabad city, India, Noise and Health, 12(48): 195-198.
• 8. Central Pollution Control Board (2015), Protocol for ambient level noise monitoring, Central Pollution Control Board Delhi.
• 9. Chakraborty D., Santra S.C., Roy B. (1998), Survey of community annoyance due to traffic noise-exposure in Calcutta metropolis, Journal of Acoustic Society of India, 26: 39-43.
• 10. Chang T.-Y., Liu C.-S., Bao B.-Y., Li S.-F., Chen T.-I., Lin Y.-J. (2011), Characterization of road traffic noise exposure and prevalence of hypertension in central Taiwan, Science Total Environment, 409(6): 1053-1057, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.11.039.
• 11. Cohn L.F., McVoy G.R. (1982), Environmental Analysis of Transportation Systems, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.
• 12. Curovic L., Jeram S., Murovec J., Novakovic T., Rupnik K., Prezelj J. (2021), Impact of COVID-19 on environmental noise emitted from the port, Science of The Total Environment, 756: doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144147.
• 13. Derryberry E.P., Philips J.N., Derryberry G.E., Blum M.J., Luther D. (2020), Singing in a silent spring: birds respond to a half century soundscape reversion during the COVID-19 shutdown, Science, 370(6516): 575-579, doi: 10.1126/science.abd5777.
• 14. Dutheil F., Baker S.J., Navel V. (2020), COVID-19 as a factor influencing air pollution?, Environmental Pollution, 263: 114466, doi: 0.1016/j.envpol.2020.114466.
• 15. Dutta A. (2020), COVID 19: only 4 trains operate as Railways comes to standstill amid lockdown, Hindustan Times, https://www.hindustantimes.com/indianews/covid-19-only-4-trains-operate-as-railways-comes-to-standstill-amid-lockdown/story-8ftgCPCk8zZgvllpMpo4lK.html (access: 19.01.2022).
• 16. Eriksson C., Nilsson M.E., Willers S.M., Gidhagen L., Bellander T., Pershagen G. (2012), Traffic noise and cardiovascular health in Sweden: The roadside study, Noise and Health, 14(59): 140-147, doi: 10.4103/1463-1741.99864.
• 17. Gandhiok J., Ibrar M. (2020), COVID-19: Noise pollution falls as lockdown rings in sound of silence, Times of India, https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/covid-19-noise-pollution-falls-as-lockdown-ringsin-sound-of-silence/articleshow/75309318.cms (access: 26.06.2020).
• 18. Garg N., Sinha A.K., Dahiya M., Gandhi V., Bhardwaj R.M., Akolkar A.B. (2017), Evaluation and analysis of environmental noise pollution in seven major cities of India, Archives of Acoustics, 42(2): 175-188, doi: 10.1515/aoa-2017-0020.
• 19. Geonica (n.d.), Environmental noise, Geonica, https://www.geonica.com/en/environmental-noise-monitoring.php (access: 19.01.2022).
• 20. Gerges S.N.Y., Sehrndt G.S., Parthey W. (2001), Noise sources, Dortmund, Germany: Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, World Health Organization; 2001, WHO Special Report S 64.
• 21. Government of India - Ministry of Home Affairs (2020), COVID-19 guidelines, https://www.mha.gov.in/notifications/circulars-covid-19 (access: 19.01.2022).
• 22. Harekrishna B. (2020), COVID-19 lockdown: animal life, ecosystem, and atmospheric environment, Environment, Development, and Sustainability, 23(6): 8161-8178, doi: 10.1007/s10668-020-01002-7.
• 23. Jamir L., Nongkynrih B., Gupta S.K. (2014), Community noise pollution in urban India: need for public health action, Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 39(1): 8-12, doi: 10.4103/0970-0218.126342.
• 24. Jamrah A., Al-Omari A., Sharabi R. (2006), Evaluation of traffic noise pollution in Amman, Jordan, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 120: 499-525, doi: 10.1007/s10661-005-9077-5.
• 25. Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (2020), Noise levels measured at ten continuous noise monitoring stations in Bengaluru City, https://kspcb.karnataka.gov.in/ (access: 19.1.2022).
• 26. Kim K., Shin J., Oh M., Jung J.-K. (2019), Economic value of traffic noise reduction depending on residents’ annoyance level, Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 26(7): 7243-7255, doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-04186-2.
• 27. Kisku G.C. et al. (2006), Profile of noise pollution in Lucknow city and its impact on environment, Journal of Environmental Biology, 27(2): 409-412.
• 28. Lokhande S.K., Chopkar P.F., Jain M.C., Hirani A. (2021a), Environmental noise assessment of Bhandara City in the adversity of COVID-19 pandemic: a crowdsourcing approach, Noise Mapp, 8(1): 249-259, doi: 10.515/noise-2021-0020.
• 29. Lokhande S.K., Motwani D.M., Dange S.S., Jain M.C. (2021b), Abatement of traffic noise pollution on educational institute and visualization by noise maps using computational software: a case study, [in:] Sustainable Communication Network and Application, Karuppusamy P., Perikos I., Shi F., Nguyen T.N. [Eds], Springer Singapore, pp. 93-103.
• 30. Mandal I., Pal S. (2020), COVID-19 pandemic persuaded lockdown effects on environment over stone quarrying and crushing areas, Science of the Total Environment, 732: 139281, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139281.
• 31. Manjunatha P.S., Sudhakar R.M., Ramachandra N.U., Gopalakrishna R. (2019), Study on noise level and its effects in the commercial area of Bengaluru city, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 14(6): 1352-1356.
• 32. Manwar V., Mandal B.B., Pal A.K. (2017), Application of noise mapping in an Indian opencast mine for effective noise management, [in:] 12th ICBEN Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem, pp. 18-22.
• 33. Martín M.A., Tarrero M.A., González A., Machimbarrena M. (2006), Exposure-effect relationships between road traffic noise annoyance and noise cost valuations in Valladolid, Spain, Applied Acoustics, 67(10): 945-958, doi: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2006.01.004.
• 34. Mimani A., Singh R. (2021), Anthropogenic noise variation in Indian cities due to the COVID-19 lockdown during March-to-May 2020, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 150(5): 3216-3227, doi: 10.1121/10.0006966.
• 35. Mishra A., Das S., Singh D., Maurya A.K. (2021), Effect of COVID-19 lockdown on noise pollution levels in an Indian city: a case study of Kanpur, Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 28(33): 46007-46019, doi: 10.10007/s11356-021-13872-z.
• 36. Mishra R.K., Parida M., Rangnekar S. (2010), Evaluation and analysis of traffic noise along bus rapid transit system corridor, International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, 7(4): 737-750, doi: 10.1007/BF03326183.
• 37. Montano W., Gushiken E. (2020), Lima soundscape before confinement and during curfew. Airplane flights suppressions because of Peruvian lockdown, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 148(4): 1824-1830, doi: 10.1121/10.0002112.
• 38. Münzel T., Sørensen M. (2017), Noise pollution and arterial hypertension, European Cardiology Review, 12(1): 26-29, doi: 10.15420/ecr.2016:31:2.
• 39. National Ambient Noise Monitoring Network (2016), Status of ambient noise level in India, Central Pollution Control Board, https://cpcb.nic.in/openpdffile.php?id=UHVibGljYXRpb25GaWxlLzk2OV8xNTg3NTI3OTkwX21lZGlhcGhvdG8zMDY1My5wZGY (access: 19.01.2022).
• 40. Oh M., Shin K., Kim K., Shin J. (2019), Influence of noise exposure on cardio cerebrovascular disease in Korea, Science of the Total Environment, 651: 1867-1876, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.081.
• 41. Öhrström E. (1989), Sleep disturbance, psychosocial, and medical symptoms - a pilot survey among persons exposed to high levels of road traffic noise, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 133(1): 117-128, doi: 10.1016/0022-460X(89)90986-3.
• 42. Omidvari M., Nouri J. (2009), Effects of noise pollution on traffic policemen, International Journal of Environmental Research, 3(4): 645-652, doi: 10.22059/ijer.2010.80.
• 43. Oyedepo O.S., Saadu A.A. (2010), Evaluation and analysis of noise levels in Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 160(1-4): 563-577, doi: 10.1007/s10661-008-0719-2.
• 44. Peeyush K. (2020), Industrial and commercial zones of trans-Hindon least noisy during the lockdown period, Hindustan Times, https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/industrial-and-commercial-zones-of-trans-hindon-least-noisy-during-the-lockdown-period/story-lksLuhSOPIv0C8LrCEkg0K.html (access: 19.01.2022).
• 45. Phadnis A. (2020), Airports prepare to handle 30% flights in first phase of ops after lockdown, Business Standard, https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/airports-prepare-to-handle-30-flights-in-firstphase-of-ops-after-lockdown-120042901409_1.html (access: 19.01.2022).
• 46. Rabinowitz P.M. (2000), Noise-induced hearing loss, American Family Physician, 61(9): 2749-2760.
• 47. Reddy R.B., Ramachandaiah A. (1995), Traffic noise in some typical urban lanes, Journal of Acoustical Society of India, 23(4): 53-57.
• 48. Said M.A., El-Gohary O.A. (2016), Effect of noise stress on cardiovascular system in adult male albino rat: implication of stress hormones, endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress, General Physiology and Biophysics, 35(3): 371-377, doi: 10.4149/gpb_2016003.
• 49. Sazegar A., Bahrayni Tossi M.H., Moradi H. (2005), Noise pollution and traffic noise index at some Mashhad main streets in high traffic hours of summer, Iranian Journal of Medical Physics, 2(3): 21-30, doi: 10.22038/ijmp.2005.8118.
• 50. Singh D., Prakash A., Srivastava A.K., Kumar K., Jain V.K. (2013), The effects of meteorological parameters in ambient noise modelling studies in Delhi, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185: 1873-1882, doi: 10.1007/s10661-012-2674-1.
• 51. Singh S. (2018), Metro matters: Time, Delhi made some noise about fighting noise pollution, Hindustan Times, https://www.hindustantimes.com/columns/metro-matters-time-delhi-made-some-noise-about-fightingnoise-pollution/storykoNnWn1o0a4r5IWK52yNGN.html (access: 19.01.2022).
• 52. Singh U. (2020), Determination of maximum noise from train horn using additional parameters, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 12(4): 58-65, doi: 10.9790/1684-12455865.
• 53. Somani S., Srivastava A.N., Gummadivalli S.K., Sharma A. (2020), Indirect implications of COVID-19 towards sustainable environment: an investigation in Indian context, Bioresource Technology Reports, 11: 100491, doi: 10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100491.
• 54. Stansfeld S., Gallachar J., Babisch W., Shipley M. (1996), Road traffic noise and psychiatric disorder: prospective findings from the Caerphilly study, BMJ Clinical Research, 313(7052): 266-267, doi: 10.1136/bmj.313.7052.266.
• 55. TomTom (2020), TomTom Traffic Index: Global traffic congestion up as Bengaluru takes crown of ‘World’s Most Traffic Congested City’, GlobeNewswire, https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/01/29/1976528/0/en/TomTom-Traffic-Index-Global-Traffic-Congestion-Up-as-Bengaluru-takes-Crown-of-World-s-Most-Traffic-Congested-City.html (access: 29.01.2020).
• 56. Vidya Sagar T., Nageswara Rao G. (2006), Noise pollution levels in Vishakhapatnam city (India), Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 48(2): 139-142.
• 57. Wallace G. (2020), Airlines and TSA report 96% drop in air travel as pandemic continues, CNN (access: 19.01.2022).
• 58. World Health Organization (2005), United Nations Road Safety Collaboration: A Handbook of Partner Profiles, World Health Organization, Geneva.
• 59. World Health Organization (2020), A Joint Statement on Tourism and COVID-19 - UNWTO and WHO call for responsibility and coordination,World Health Organization, https://www.who.int/news/item/27-02-2020-a-joint-statement-on-tourism-and-covid-19-unwto-andwho-call-for-responsibility-and-coordination (access: 27.02.2020).