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Purpose: This paper presents the findings of a study of laser heat treatment of C45 steel following diffusion chromizing. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of laser heating of steel subjected on the microstructure of its surface layer. Design/methodology/approach: Diffusion chromizing was conducted at the temperature of 1050°C for 8 hours in a LABOTHERM LH15/14 laboratory furnace. A powder mixture of the following composition was used to produce the layer: Cr2O3 with an addition of Al, kaolin and an activator – ammonium chloride NH4Cl. Diffusion chromizing of C45 steel was followed by laser heat treatment with a dual diode TRUDISK 1000 laser device. The treatment was carried out in four variants with a laser beam of 400 to 900 W. The microstructure of the surface layer was assessed with a scanning electron microscope Tescan Vega 5135. Hardness tests were carried out by the Vickers method on crosswise microsections. The chemical composition of the diffusion layer was assessed by optical emission spectrometry. Findings: The results revealed the presence of a modified surface layer following laser heat treatment in each of the variants. Research limitations/implications: This study focuses on the effect of laser heating of C45 steel subjected to diffusion chromizing on the microstructure of its top layer. Presented research are the first step of the investigation of the surface layer of steel after diffusion chromizing and laser treatment. Next one will be consisted in detailed investigation of microstructure (phases identification) of the achieved surface layer using (among other methods) X-ray diffraction. Practical implications: Laser heat treatment of C45 steel after diffusion chromizing can be applied to parts of machines and devices used in various branches of industry exposed to tribological wear and corrosion. Originality/value: The results of the experiment were affected by the composition of the powder mixture and process parameters of the diffusion chromizing and the laser treatment.
Wydawca
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
49--56
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 19 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Department of Materials and Machine Technology, Faculty of Technical Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Michała Oczapowskiego 11, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
autor
- Division of Motor Vehicles and Road Transport, Institute of Machines and Motor Vehicles, Faculty of Machines and Transportation Poznan University of Technology, ul. Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
Bibliografia
- 1. J.K. Chen, S.F. Chen, C.S. Huang, Formation of Al. and Cr dual coatings by pack cementation on SNCM439 Steel, ISIJ International 52/1 (2012) 127-133.
- 2. D. Zeng, S. Yang, Z.D. Xiang, Formation of hard surface layer on austenitic stainless steels via simultaneous chromizing and nitriding by pack cementation process, Applied Surface Science 258/12 (2012) 5175-5178.
- 3. Z. Liang, M. Shen, X. Lu, S. Zhu, Effect of activators on the microstructure and composition of chromizing coatings in pack cementation method, Journal of Functional Materials 46/13 (2015) 13106-13110.
- 4. J.-W. Lee, H.-C. Wang, J.-L. Li, C.-C. Lin, Tribological properties evaluation of AISI 1095 steel chromized at different temperature, Surface and Coatings Technology 188-189 (2004) 550-555.
- 5. N. Lin, F. Xie, H. Yang, H. Wang, B. Tang, Assessments on friction and wear behaviors of P110 steel and chromizing coating sliding against two counterparts under dry and wet conditions, Applied Surface Science 258/11 (2012) 4960-4970.
- 6. N.M. Lin, F.Q, Xie, J. Zhou, T. Zhong, X.Q. Wu, W. Tian, Microstructures and wear resistance of chromium coatings on P110 steel fabricated by pack cementation, Journal of Central South University of Technology 17 (2010) 1155-1162.
- 7. I. Bauer, Microstructure and tribocorrosion properties of chromosiliconized and chromized diffusion layers, Materials Engineering 6 (2013) 619-622 (in Polish).
- 8. I. Bauer, Microstructure and selected properties of chromosiliconized and chromized layers produced on a low-carbon steel, Materials Engineering 2 (2017) 77-81.
- 9. J.-W. Lee, J.-G. Duh, Evaluation of microstructures and mechanical properties of chromized steels with different carbon contents, Surface and Coatings Technology 177-178 (2004) 525-531.
- 10. D. Bauerle, Laser Processing and Chemistry, Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 2000.
- 11. Q.Y. Wang, Y.F. Zhang, S.L. Bai, Z.D. Liu, Microstructures, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Hastelloy C22 coating produced by laser cladding, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 553 (2013) 253-258.
- 12. M. Paczkowska, The investigation of the possibility of selected modification of nodular iron surface layer by laser alloying with silicon, Materials Engineering 5 (2013) 521-525 (in Polish).
- 13. M. Paczkowska, The analysis of the influence of laser heat treatment of the crankshaft journal on wear resistance of the bearing, Tribologia 2 (2016) 87-100.
- 14. J. Radziejewska, The geometric surface structure after laser alloyinf, Proceedings of the International Conference on Measurements of Sculptured Surfaces, Kraków, 1997, 24-2611.
- 15. P. Brodecki, A. Młynarczak, Modification of chromized diffusion carbide layer on tool steels using laser treatment, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 53/3 (2008) 939-943.
- 16. G.-Z. Fu, D.-J. Kong, L. Zhang, Friction and wear properties of Cr12MoV chromized layer after laser quenching, Journal of Materials Engineering 44/4 (2016) 51-58.
- 17. M. Vedani, B. Previtali, G.M. Vimercati, A. Sanvito, G. Somaschini, Problems in laser repair- welding a surface-treated tool steel, Surface and Coatings Technology 201 (2007) 4518-4525.
- 18. D. Stanoi, G. Socol, C. Grigorescu, F. Guinneton, O. Monnereau, L. Tortet, T. zhang, I.N. Mihailescu, Chromium oxides thin films prepared and coated in situ with gold by pulsed laser deposition, Materials Science and Engineering B 118 (2005) 74-78.
- 19. PN-EN ISO 6507-1:2007: Metallic materials – Vickers hardness test. Part 1: Test method.
Uwagi
PL
Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (zadania 2017).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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