PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
Tytuł artykułu

The Kremlin’s Strategic Narratives on the Baltic States During the COVID-19 Crisis

Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Current article is examining articles published in the pro-Russian media outlets in the spring 2020 during the spread of COVID-19, which promoted Russian strategic narratives constructed and disseminated by the Russian Federation for the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania). These strategic narratives spread during pandemic of COVID-19 may emphasize: 1) political and economic motives related to the policies of governments of Baltic states; 2) motives to disrupt the international system and Western political institutions with the Baltic membership; 3) motives indicating conflictual identities between Russian and Baltic nations, which have been often placed in a Russophobic context.
PL
W artykule przeanalizowano publikacje, jakie były zamieszczane w mediach prorosyjskich wiosną 2020 roku podczas rozprzestrzeniania się pandemii COVID-19. Promowano w nich strategiczne narracje przygotowywane i rozpowszechniane przez Federację Rosyjską w odniesieniu do społeczeństw państw bałtyckich – Estonii, Łotwy i Litwy. Z narracji tych wybijały się zwłaszcza motywy polityczne i gospodarcze związane z polityką rządów państw bałtyckich, widoczne były również dążenie do zakłócania systemu międzynarodowego oraz spójności zachodnich instytucji politycznych, których członkami są kraje bałtyckie, a także intencje skonfliktowania grup identyfikujących się z narodem rosyjskim oraz narodami państw bałtyckich. Treści te często były zamieszczane w kontekście rusofobicznym.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
35--54
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 53 poz., rys.
Twórcy
  • Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Estonia
  • University of Tartu, Estonia; Estonian Military Academy, Tartu, Estonia
Bibliografia
  • 1. Adams, M., “Irrefutable: The coronavirus was engineered by scientists in a lab using well documented genetic engineering vectors that leave behind a ‘fingerprint’,” NaturalNews, 3.2.2020, https://www.naturalnews.com/2020-02-03-thecoronavirus-was-engineered-by-scientists-in-a-lab.html/.
  • 2. “Ajaleht: 80 protsenti Vene sõjaväe abist Itaaliale osutus kasutuks,” Err.ee, 26.03.2020, https://www.err.ee/1068903/ajaleht-80-protsenti-vene-sojavae-abist-itaaliale-osutus-kasutuks/.
  • 3. Altheide, D. L., Creating Fear: News and the Construction of Crisis, Hawthorne, NY: De Gruyter 2002.
  • 4. Antoniades, A., O’Loughlin, B., Miskimmon, A., “Great Power Politics And Strategic Narratives,” Working Paper, No. 7, The Centre for Global Political Economy, Falmer: University of Sussex 2010.
  • 5. Kuhrt, N., Feklyunina, V. (eds.), Assessing Russia’s Power: A Report, King’s College London and Newcastle University 2017.
  • 6. Barnes, J. E., Rosenberg, M., Wong, E., “As Virus Spreads, China and Russia See Openings for Disinformation,” New York Times, 28.03.2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/28/us/politics/china-russia-coronavirus-disinformation.html?action=click&module=RelatedLinks&pgtype=Article/.
  • 7. Broad, W. J., “Putin’s Long War Against American Science,” New York Times, 13.04.2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/13/science/putin-russia-disinformation-health-coronavirus.html/.
  • 8. Darczewska, J., Żochowski, P., “Russophobia in the Kremlin’s Strategy. A Weapon of Mass Destruction,” Point of View. Centre of East European Studies, 2015, No. 56.
  • 9. Director of National Intelligence, Background to “Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections:” The Analytic Process and Cyber Incident Attribution. Washington DC, January 6. Intelligence Community Assessment, https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ICA_2017_01.pdf/.
  • 10. Einmann, A., “Kremli propagandasõnum: maskid Eestisse on Venemaa humanitaarabi,” Postimees, 6.04.2020, https://www.postimees.ee/6943089/kremli-propagandasonum-maskid-eestisse-on-venemaa-humanitaarabi/.
  • 11. Feklyunina, V., Constructing Russophobia, in: Russia’s Identity in International Relations: Images, Perceptions, Misperceptions, Taras, R. (ed.), London: Routledge 2013, pp. 91–109.
  • 12. Miskimmon, A., O’Loughlin, B., Roselle, L. (eds.), Forging the World. Strategic Narratives and International Relations, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press 2018.
  • 13. Franke, U., War by Non-Military Means: Understanding Russian Information Warfare, Stockholm: Totalförsvarets forskningsinstitut, 2015.
  • 14. Galston, W. A., “The Populist Challenge to Liberal Democracy,” Journal of Democracy, 2018, Vol. 29, Issue 2, pp. 5−19, https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/the-populist-challenge-to-liberal-democracy/.
  • 15. Giuffrida, A., Roth, A., “Moscow’s motives questioned over coronavirus aid shipment to Italy,” The Guardian, 27.04.2020, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/27/moscow-motives-questioned-over-coronavirus-aid-shipment-toitaly/.
  • 16. van Herpen, M., Putin’s Propaganda Machine. Soft Power and Russian Foreign Policy, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield 2016.
  • 17. Hinck R. S., Kluver R., Cooley S., “Russia Re-Envisions the World: Strategic Narratives in Russian Broadcast and News Media During 2015,” Russian Journal of Communication 2018, 2018, Vol. 10, Issue 1, pp. 21–37.
  • 18. Heap, B., Krauel, S., Althuis, J. (eds.), Hybrid Threats: A Strategic Communications Perspective, Riga, NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence 2019.
  • 19. Howard, P. N et al., “The IRA, Social Media and Political Polarization in the United States,” 2012−2018, Working Paper, 2018/2, https://comprop.oii.ox.ac.uk/research/ira-political-polarization/.
  • 20. Jantunen, S., Infosõda, Tlk Tuule Meri, Tallinn: Kultuurileht 2018.
  • 21. Kaitsepolitsei aastaraamat 2015. Koostanud H. Puusepp, Tallinn: Iloprint, 2015, https://www.kapo.ee/sites/default/files/public/content_page/aastaraamat-2015.pdf/.
  • 22. Karlsen, G. H., “Divide and Rule: Ten Lessons About Russian Political Influence Activities in Europe,” Palgrave Communication, 2019, 5 (19), pp. 1–14.
  • 23. Kracauer, S., “The Challenge of Qualitative Content Analysis,” The Public Opinion Quarterly, 1953, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 631−642.
  • 24. Kuckartz, U., Qualitative Text Analysis: A Guide to Methods. Practice & Using Software, London: Sage Publications 2014.
  • 25. Laruelle, M., Radvanyi, J., Understanding Russia: The Challenges of Transformation, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers 2018.
  • 26. Lebow, R. N., “The Past and Future of War,” International Relations 2010, 24(3), pp. 243–270.
  • 27. Lucas, E., Pomerantsev, P., Winning the Information War: Techniques and Counter-Strategies to Russian Propaganda in Central and Eastern Europe, CEPA Report: Washington DC, 2016.
  • 28. Makarychev, A., Sazonov, V., “Populisms, Popular Geopolitics and the Politics of Belonging in Estonia,” European Politics and Society, 2019, Vol. 20, Issue 4, pp. 450−469.
  • 29. Mäkinen, S., “Surkovian Narrative on the Future of Russia: Making Russia a World Leader,” Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 2011, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 143–165.
  • 30. Mölder, H., “The War of Narratives – Putin’s Challenge to International Security Governance in Ukraine,” Sõjateadlane 2016, Vol. 2, pp. 88−113.
  • 31. Mölder, H.,Sazonov, V., “Information Warfare as the Hobbesian Concept of Modern Times – Principles, Techniques and Tools of Russian Information Operations in Donbass,” Journal of Slavic Military Studies, 2018, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 308−328.
  • 32. Mölder, H., Sazonov, V., “The Impact of Russian Anti-Western Conspiracy Theories on the Status-Related Conflict in Ukraine – the Case of Flight MH17,” Baltic Journal of European Studies, 2019, Vol. 9, Issue 3, pp. 96−115.
  • 33. Mölder, H., Sazonov, V., Mölder, H., Sazonov, V., “Venemaa strateegilised narratiivid Balti riikidele suunatud mõjutustegevuses COVID-19 kriisi ajal,” Sõjateadlane (Estonian Journal of Military Studies), 2020, Vol. 14, pp. 197–225.
  • 34. Orttung, R. W., Nelson, E., “Russia Today’s strategy and effectiveness on YouTube,” Post Soviet Affairs, 2018, Vol. 35, Issue 2, pp. 77−92, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1060586X.2018.1531650?journalCode=rpsa20/.
  • 35. Parts, M., Paet: “Euroopa sulgemise vigadest on vaja tulevikus õppida,” Postimees, 8.05.2020. https://maailm.postimees.ee/6968855/paet-euroopa-sulgemise-vigadest-on-vaja-tulevikus-oppida/.
  • 36. Prothero, M., “Russia Sent Italy a Military Convoy of Medical Supplies to Help with the Coronavirus Outbreak, Italy Said It Was Useless and Accused Them of a PR Stunt,” Business Insider, 26.03.2020, https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-italy-russia-military-convoy-supplies-useless-pr-stunt-2020-3/.
  • 37. Radin, A., Hybrid Warfare in the Baltics: Threats and Potential Responses, Santa Monica: Rand Corporation 2017.
  • 38. Renz, B., “Russia and ‘Hybrid Warfare’,” Contemporary Politics, 2016, Vol. 22, Issue 3, pp. 283−300.
  • 39. Roselle, L., Miskimmon, A, O’Loughlin, B., Strategic Narratives: Communication Power and the New World Order, Routledge 2013.
  • 40. Rough, P., “How China is Exploiting the Coronavirus to Weaken Democracies,” Foreign Policy, 25.03.2020, https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/03/25/china-coronavirus-propaganda-weakens-western- democracies/?utm_source=PostUp&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=20502&utm_term=Editor&fbclid=IwAR20YdPlmmmH8JA8xvH9VvDRaGqKq73-2imqjtg3-jK2QXzMNidQS5Igpb0#39;s%20Picks%20OC&?tpcc=20502/.
  • 41. “Russia Is a ‘Distinct Civilization,’ Putin Says,” The Moscow Times, 18.05.2020, https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/05/18/russia-is-a-distinct-civilization-putin-says-a70295/.
  • 42. Sakwa, R., “Vladimir Putin and Russian Foreign Policy towards the West: Towards a New Realism,” in: Robertson, L., Gower, J., Timmins, G. (eds.), Russia and Europe in the Twenty-First Century, An Uneasy Partnership, Anthem Press 2007, pp. 1−22.
  • 43. “Several EU countries cannot ask for Russia’s help because of their ‘big brothers’ – Lavrov,” TASS Russian News Agency, 26.04.2020, https://tass.com/politics/1149715/.
  • 44. Spriņģe, I., “How Russian Propaganda Becomes Even Nastier in Baltic News,” Re:Baltica, 29.03.2018, https://en.rebaltica.lv/2017/03/how-russian-propaganda-becomeseven-nastier-in-baltic-news/.
  • 45. “Sputnik peatas Eestis tegevuse,” Err.ee, 31.12.2019, https://www.err.ee/1019225/sputnik-peatas-eestis-tegevuse/.
  • 46. “Stratcom Director: China and Russia Top Covid-19 Disinformation Sources,” Latvijas Radio, 9.04.2020, https://eng.lsm.lv/article/society/defense/stratcom-director-china-and-russia-top-covid-19-disinformation-sources.a355222/?fbclid=IwAR0D0JzY_6e11aVB1098BGs897O3SQfM16ISmgWoxm8jisKNQVTXWfwpTBU:/.
  • 47. Surkov, V., “The View From Utopia,” Russian Social Science Review, 2008, Vol. 49, No. 6, pp. 81–97.
  • 48. Szostek, J., “The Power and Limits of Russia’s Strategic Narrative in Ukraine: The Role of Linkage,” Perspectives on Politics, 2017, Vol. 15, Issue 2, pp. 379−395.
  • 49. „Uuriv ajakirjandus valgustab Kremli propagandamasina siseelu,” Propastop, 3.09.2018, https://www.propastop.org/2018/09/03/4187/.
  • 50. Ventsel, A. et al., “Hirmu mehhanismid strateegilistes narratiivudes Õppuse Zapad 2017 näitel,” Sõjateadlane, 2018, Vol. 8, pp. 102–127.
  • 51. Ventsel, A, Hansson, S., Sazonov, V., “Discourse of Fear in Strategic Narratives: The Case of Russia’s Zapad War Games,” Media, War & Conflict, 2019, pp. 1−19.
  • 52. World Health Organization, “Coronavirus,” https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus/.
  • 53. Yablokov, I., Fortress Russia. Conspiracy Theories in Post-Soviet Russia, Cambridge: Polity Press 2018.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-ba17b390-7f43-4112-8be4-835338afe36c
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.