Maritime transport other than shipping: electrical energy case

• Autorzy: Otremba Z. , Andrulewicz E. , Jakubowska M.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5604/01.3001.0010.2827

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Large demand for energy results in necessity for its transportation in various ways. On land areas, energy media transfer consists mainly of transport in tanks by rail, road or river routs as well as pipeline systems for liquid or gasified hydrocarbons. A part of energy media in the world is electric energy flowing though metallic conductors of overhead and cable networks. If sea areas are considered, ship navigation routs crosses with pipelines and electrical energy transfer systems. Furthermore, every transport system can interfere with other. Marine areas occupied by pipelines and submarine cables must be excluded from use of anchors and bottom fishing gear. On the other hand, pipeline systems interfere with the free development of navigation, particularly in areas near ports. Power transfer systems modify the natural force fields in the water column, surface water and even in near-water layer of atmosphere. In this article, we show the main ways of transferring electricity in the sea and the resulting modifications of physical fields: electrical, magnetic and electromagnetic ones. We also discuss the probable impact of modifications of natural fields on ship traffic as well as corrosion of hulls of ships and marine structures. The considerations presented in the article are related primarily to the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone of the Baltic Sea.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

maritime transport; submarine energy transfer; marine environment; wind farm; Polish Exclusive Economic Zone

PL

transport morski; podmorski transfer energii; środowisko morskie; farma wiatrowa; polska specjalna strefa ekonomiczna

• Wydawca: Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Aviation ; European Science Society of Powertrain and Transport KONES Poland ; Wydawnictwo Instytutu Technicznego Wojsk Lotniczych
• Czasopismo: Journal of KONES
• Rocznik: 2017
• Tom: Vol. 24, No. 1
• Strony: 275--280
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 8 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Otremba Z.

• Gdynia Maritime University Department of Physics at the Faculty of Marine Engineering Morska Street 81-87, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland tel.:[phone], fax: [phone]

autor

Andrulewicz E.

• National Marine Fisheries Research Institute Kołłątaja Street 1, 81-332 Gdynia, Poland tel.:[phone]

autor

Jakubowska M.

• National Marine Fisheries Research Institute Kołłątaja Street 1, 81-332 Gdynia, Poland tel.:[phone]

Bibliografia

• [1] Ardelean, M., Minnebo, Ph., HVDC Submarine Power Cables in the World, European Commission JRC Technical Reports, Joint Research Centre. http://publications.jrc.ec..europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC97720/ld-na-27527-en-n.pdf, 2015.
• [2] Campbell, S., (editor), 10 of the Biggest Turbines, Wind Power Monthly,http://www.windpowermonthly.com/10-biggest-turbines.
• [3] 4C Offshore ltd., Offshore Wind Farms Intelligence, http://www.4coffshore.com/windfarms/ .
• [4] 4D Offshore ltd., Global Offshore Wind Farms Database http://www.4coffshore.com/offshorewind/.
• [5] Fundacja na rzecz energetyki zrównoważonej (http://www.fnez.pl/), Morskie farmy wiatrowe, http://morskiefarmywiatrowe.pl/strefa-wiedzy/polska.
• [6] Ohman, M. C., Sigray, P., Westerberg, H., Offshore windmills and the effects of electromagnetic fields on fish, AMBIO: A journal of the Human Environment, 36(8), pp. 630-633, 2007.
• [7] Otrembam Z., Andrulewicz, E., Physical fields during construction and operation of wind farms by example of Polish maritime areas, Polish Maritime Research, Vol. 4, pp. 113-122, file:///C:/Users/TPNG-1/AppData/Local/Temp/04_2014_14.pdf, 2014.
• [8] United Nations, Review of Maritime Transport, http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary//rmt2016_en.pdf, New York – Geneva 2016.

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (zadania 2017).