Climate indices and drought characteristics in the river catchments of Western Ghats of India

Shetty, Swathi; Umesh, Pruthviraj; Shetty, Amba

doi:10.1007/s11600-023-01054-z

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Tytuł artykułu

Climate indices and drought characteristics in the river catchments of Western Ghats of India

Autorzy

Shetty Swathi , Umesh Pruthviraj , Shetty Amba

Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma

https://www.springer.com/journal/11600

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1007/s11600-023-01054-z

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

The study addresses the long-term trend in rainfall, minimum and maximum temperature, and the climate indices for the river catchments located in the diverse climate of the Western Ghats of India. The dry sub-humid Chaliyar catchment and humid Kajvi catchment have shown a dramatic change in the decadal rainfall, with the decade 1950-1960 being the point of change. The monsoon rainfall has decreased in the Chaliyar and Netravati catchments and increased insignificantly in the Kajvi catchment. With the increase in mean temperature, the number of rainy days is decreasing, and intense rainfall is increasing in the pre-monsoon. The increase in minimum temperature is more severe in all three catchments, irrespective of the region’s climate. The decline in rainy days is more figurative in the humid and per-humid catchments and has seen a 16-20% decrease in Rx 1 day, Rx 3 day, and Rx 5 day in the past six decades with an insignificant increase in the dry subhumid catchment. The frightful increase in warm days/nights with a decrease in cool days/nights has been alarming for the extremity of temperature in future years. The significant changes in the forest area in Chaliyar and Kajvi catchment and the increase in a built-up area in Netravati may have a decisive role in the nonseasonal variability in rainfall and temperature along with increasing greenhouse gases. In the case of meteorological drought studied using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), moderate droughts have occurred over the Chaliyar and Kajvi, and extreme droughts over the Netravati catchments with no reduction in the frequency or severity of short-duration extreme rainfall events. The geographical location of the catchment has a greater impact on the characteristics of the rainfall and meteorological drought, and these changes in the hydrological regimes of the catchment have a significant bearing on the water availability in the catchments in the future years.

Słowa kluczowe

Estern Ghats climate indices climate variability meteorological drought

Ghaty Wschodnie wskaźniki klimatyczne zmienność klimatu susza meteorologiczna

Wydawca

Instytut Geofizyki PAN
Springer

Czasopismo

Acta Geophysica

Rocznik

2024

Tom

Vol. 72, no. 1

Strony

371--384

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 60 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Shetty Swathi

swathis.nitk@gmail.com

Department of Water Resources and Ocean Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangaluru 575025, India

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7004-3741

autor

Umesh Pruthviraj

Department of Water Resources and Ocean Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangaluru 575025, India

autor

Shetty Amba

Department of Water Resources and Ocean Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangaluru 575025, India

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Bibliografia

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