Zastosowanie technik rozdzielania do identyfikacji i oznaczania lotnych związków tlenoorganicznych stosowanych w analityce procesowej wody i ścieków

Boczkaj, G.; Makoś, P.

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Zastosowanie technik rozdzielania do identyfikacji i oznaczania lotnych związków tlenoorganicznych stosowanych w analityce procesowej wody i ścieków

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Boczkaj G. , Makoś P.

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Warianty tytułu

Usefulness of separation techniques for identification and determination of Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds used in process analytics of water and wastewater

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Abstrakty

W pracy przedstawiono przegląd i porównanie metodyk identyfikacji i oznaczania Lotnych Związków Tlenoorganicznych (LZT). Porównano metodyki klasyczne umożliwiające oznaczanie wybranej grupy związków chemicznych należących do LZT lub dokonywanie oznaczeń sumarycznej zawartości z metodykiami wykorzystującymi techniki rozdzielania. Lotne związki tlenoorganicze, do których zaliczane są aldehydy, alkohole, ketony, estry, etery oraz kwasy karboksylowe, należą do grupy priorytetowych zanieczyszczeń uwalnianych do atmosfery. Wytwarzane są głównie ze źródeł antropogenicznych, w tym na szeroką skalę w przemyśle rafineryjnym i włókienniczym. Charakteryzują się wysoką złowonnością oraz toksycznością, a w niektórych przypadkach właściwościami kancerogennymi. Dodatkowo, przyczyniają się do powstawania wtórnych zanieczyszczeń atmosfery oraz zubożania warstwy ozonowej. Negatywne oddziaływanie LZT na środowisko wymusza potrzebę opracowania nowych metod analitycznych umożliwiających ich identyfikację i oznaczenie z dużą dokładnością, na coraz niższych poziomach stężeń. Aktualnie dostępnych jest wiele urządzeń pomiarowych, które różnią się pod względem technicznym, metrologicznym i użytkowym. Zastosowanie technik rozdzielania w procedurze analitycznej umożliwia znaczne zwiększenie spektrum informacji uzyskiwanych z pojedynczej analizy. Najpopularniejsze metody stosowane do oznaczania LZT w próbkach zawierających wodną matrycę, wykorzystują chromatografię gazową z detektorami uniwersalnymi typu MS i FID oraz selektywnymi ECD, PID i O-FID. Stosowana jest również chromatografia cieczowa, w tym głównie wysokosprawna chromatografia cieczowa w układach faz odwróconych (RP-HPLC), chromatografia jonowa i jonowymienna jak również elektroforeza kapilarna. Zastosowanie technik spektroskopowych i woltamerometrycznych jest ograniczone do oznaczeń głównego składnika próbki, wobec czego te techniki wykazują wysoką skuteczność w przypadku analiz wody, natomiast nie znajdują zastosowania podczas oznaczeń próbek o złożonym składzie matrycy tj. próbki ścieków przemysłowych.

The paper presents a review and comparison of methods for identification and determination of Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds (O-VOCs). Were compared the classical methodology which allows the determination of a selected group of compounds belonging to the LZT or determinations of its total content with the methodologies utilizing separation techniques. Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds including aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, esters, ethers and carboxylic acids, are classified as priority pollutants released to the atmosphere. They are produced mainly from anthropogenic sources, mainly from a large-scale plants of the refinery and textile industries. They have odorous properties and are high toxicity and in some cases carcinogenic. In addition, they contribute to the formation of secondary atmospheric pollutants and depletion of the ozone layer. The negative effects of O-VOCs on the environment, forces the need of development of new analytical methods to enable their identification and determination with high accuracy at low concentration levels. Currently, there are many measuring devices, which differ in terms of technical, metrological and functional. The use of separation techniques in the analytical procedure allows a significant increase in range of information obtained from a single analysis.The most common methods used for determining O-VOC in aqueous samples, use of gas chromatography with universal MS and FID and selective ECD, PID and O-FID detectors. A liquid chromatography is also used, including Reversed Phase - High Performance Liquid Chromatography, ion chromatography and ion exchange chromatography as well as capillary electrophoresis. A spectroscopic and voltamperometric techniques are limited to the quantification of the main component of the sample, therefore have a high efficacy in the case of analyzes of water and are not applicable for determinations of complex sample matrices such as sewage samples.

Słowa kluczowe

lotne związki tlenoorganiczne LZT chromatografia gazowa GC chromatografia cieczowa LC techniki spektroskopowe techniki woltamperometryczne woda ścieki

Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds OVOCs Gas chromatography GC liquid chromatography LC spectroscopic techniques voltamperometric techniques water wastewater

Wydawca

Publishing House of Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities

Czasopismo

Camera Separatoria

Rocznik

2014

Tom

Vol. 6, No. 1

Strony

23--36

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 76 poz., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Boczkaj G.

grzegorz.boczkaj@gmail.com

Katedra Inżynierii Chemicznej i Procesowej, Wydział Chemiczny, Politechnika Gdańska

autor

Makoś P.

Katedra Inżynierii Chemicznej i Procesowej, Wydział Chemiczny, Politechnika Gdańska

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