Acetaldehyd. Dokumentacja proponowanych wartości dopuszczalnych poziomów narażenia zawodowego

Starek, A.

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Tytuł artykułu

Acetaldehyd. Dokumentacja proponowanych wartości dopuszczalnych poziomów narażenia zawodowego

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Starek A.

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www.ciop.pl/pimosp_teksty

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Warianty tytułu

Acetaldehyde

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Abstrakty

Acetaldehyd jest lotną cieczą, stosowaną do produkcji kwasu octowego, pirydyny, kwasu nadoctowego, farmaceutyków, mas plastycznych, gumy syntetycznej oraz w procesie wytwarzania luster i hartowania włókien żelatyny. Ostre działanie toksyczne tego związku prowadzi u ludzi i zwierząt do podrażnienia oczu i górnych dróg oddechowych. Wartość RD50 acetaldehydu u gryzoni wynosi około 5000 mg/m3 Nie opisano przewlekłych zatruć tym związkiem w warunkach przemysłowych. Powtarzane narażenie na pary tego związku prowadziło u szczurów i chomików do zmian zwyrodnieniowych, rozrostu lub przerostu nabłonka węchowego bądź oddechowego3) obserwowano u szczurów zaburzenia czynnościowe układu oddechowego. Przy większym stężeniu (720 mg/m3) - po 4 tygodniach narażenia - wystąpiły u nich niewielkie zmiany zwyrodnieniowe śluzówki nosa. Ponadto acetaldehyd działa na gryzonie genotoksycznie, kancerogennie i, prawdopodobnie, embriotoksycznie, fetotoksycznie i teratogennie. IARC zaliczyła ten związek do substancji przypuszczalnie rakotwórczych dla ludzi (grupa 2B). Wychodząc z założenia, że NDS - jako średnie stężenie ważone - czasem nie zabezpiecza pracowników przed podrażnieniem oczu i górnych dróg oddechowych, zaproponowano przyjęcie NDSP. Wartość tego normatywu, wynoszącą 45 mg/m3, obliczono z LOAEL (90 mg/m3) u ludzi i współczynnika niepewności 2 dla przejścia z LOAEL do NOAEL.

Acetaldehyde (AA) (CAS Registry No. 75-07-0) is a volatile liquid used mainly as an inter-mediate for production of acetic acid, pyridine, pharmaceutics , plastics, and synthetic rubber. AA exarts irritative effect of the eyes and upper respiratory tract in humans and animals. RD and value of this chemical in rodents is about 5000 mg/m3 whereas LC50 - 24000 mg/m3. In rats and hamsters the reapeated exposure to vapours of AA (440 - 720 mg/m3) led to respiratory system disturbances and degenerative changes in nasal mucosa. Also AA acts genotoxic, carcinogenic, and probably embriotoxic, fetotoxic and teratogenic in rodens. The proposed ceiling (C) value of 45 mg/m3 for AA is based on its irritative effects in volunteers and calculated from LOAEL value of 90 mg/m3.

Słowa kluczowe

acetaldehyd narażenie zawodowe działanie toksyczne

acetaldehyde occupational exposure toxic effect

Wydawca

Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Czasopismo

Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy

Rocznik

2002

Tom

Nr 4 (34)

Strony

5--23

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 71 poz., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Starek A.

Collegium Medicum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego 30-688 Kraków ul. Medyczna 9

Bibliografia

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