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Covid-19 pandemic business relief: a comparative study of South Africa and selected European countries

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PL
Covid-19 pandemic business relief: badanie porównawcze RPA i wybranych krajów europejskich
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The novel coronavirus, also known as Covid-19, has affected people globally. The reality of reduced working hours set in, and a contraction in consumer demand and business confidence began, leading to a reduction in spending and investment. Travel restrictions were put in place, trade was halted, and most of the way we were used to living changed drastically. To combat economic losses and complete economic shutdown, governments were forced to rollout relief policies to aid businesses and reduce financial losses. These policies include tax and bank payment holidays, underwriting of loans, job retention schemes, value-added tax (VAT) deferments, grants, and mortgage breaks. This study aimed to analyse the support policies that several European countries applied to assist businesses and compare them to South Africa. The study followed a qualitative exploratory research design using secondary data obtained from several open-source documents obtained from various government and non-governmental websites. Thematic analysis using Atlas.ti was used to analyse and report the data. Five themes emanated from the study: Business stability measures, Social support, Post-Covid recovery measures, Liquidity measures for businesses and Transmission prevention. In comparison with South Africa, several similarities were present in the Disaster Management Tax Relief Administration Bill. Yet, despite the commonalities that persist and the fact that South Africa shares in the spirit of the themes applied by the European nations, it is comparatively weaker when the breadth and scale of its interventions are compared.
PL
Nowy koronawirus, znany również jako Covid-19, dotknął ludzi na całym świecie. Nastała rzeczywistość skróconych godzin pracy i zaczęło się zmniejszanie popytu konsumentów i zaufania przedsiębiorców, co doprowadziło do zmniejszenia wydatków i inwestycji. . Wprowadzono ograniczenia w podróżowaniu, wstrzymano handel, a większość sposobu, w jaki przywykliśmy do życia, drastycznie się zmieniła. Aby zwalczyć straty gospodarcze i całkowite zamknięcie gospodarki, rządy zostały zmuszone do wprowadzenia polityki pomocy, aby pomóc przedsiębiorstwom i zmniejszyć straty finansowe. Zasady te obejmują dni wolne od podatków i płatności bankowych, gwarantowanie pożyczek, programy utrzymania pracy, odroczenia podatku od wartości dodanej (VAT), dotacje i przerwy w spłacie kredytu hipotecznego. Badanie to miało na celu przeanalizowanie polityk wsparcia stosowanych przez kilka krajów europejskich w celu pomocy przedsiębiorstwom i porównanie ich z RPA. Badanie przebiegało zgodnie z projektem jakościowych badań eksploracyjnych z wykorzystaniem danych wtórnych uzyskanych z kilku dokumentów o otwartym kodzie źródłowym uzyskanych z różnych rządowych i pozarządowych stron internetowych. . Do analizy i raportowania danych wykorzystano analizę tematyczną za pomocą Atlas.ti. Z badania wyłoniło się pięć tematów: Środki stabilności biznesu, Wsparcie społeczne, Środki naprawcze po Covid, Środki płynności dla przedsiębiorstw oraz Zapobieganie przesyle. W porównaniu z Republiką Południowej Afryki, w ustawie dotyczącej zarządzania ulgami podatkowymi dotyczącymi zarządzania klęskami żywiołowymi było kilka podobieństw. Jednak pomimo utrzymujących się cech wspólnych i faktu, że Republika Południowej Afryki podziela ducha tematów stosowanych przez narody europejskie, jest ona stosunkowo słabsza, gdy porównuje się zakres i skalę jej interwencji.
Rocznik
Strony
249--266
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 37 poz., rys.
Twórcy
  • Department of Business Management, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
  • DHET-NRF SARChI in Entrepreneurship Education, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
  • Department of Business Management, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
  • DHET-NRF SARChI in Entrepreneurship Education, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
Bibliografia
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  • 3.Botha, J., Duffy, M., (2020). South Africa - Measures in response to COVID-19 - KPMG Global. Available at: https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2020/04/south-africa-government-and-institution-measures-in-response-to-covid.html (Accessed: May 6 2021).
  • 4.Cockburn, W.C., Delon, P.J. and Ferreira, W., (1969). Origin and progress of the 1968-69 Hong Kong influenza epidemic, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 41(3):345-348.
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  • 6.EU (European Union). (2020). Joint European Roadmap towards lifting COVID-19 containment measures, Europian Union. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/communication_a_european_roadmap_to_lifting_coronavirus_containment_measures_0.pdf. (Accessed: May 21 2021).
  • 7.Gavin, O., Wallace, K. and Hackett, F., (2020). Ireland - Measures in response to COVID-19 - KPMG Global. Available at: https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2020/04/ireland-government-and-institution-measures-in-response-to-covid.html (Accessed: May 6 2021).
  • 8.GEM. (2021). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2020/2021, Global Report. Babson.
  • 9.Graner, J., Dahl, B. and Bergman, M., (2020). Sweden - Measures in response to COVID-19 - KPMG Global. Available at: https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2020/04/sweden-government-and-institution-measures-in-response-to-covid.html (Accessed: May 6 2021).
  • 10.Henderson, D.A., (2016). The development of surveillance systems, American Journal of Epidemiology, 183(5):381-386.
  • 11.IMF. (2020). World Economic Outlook International Monetary Fund. The Great Lockdown, World Economic Outlook. Available at: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/04/14/weo-april-2020. (Accessed: May 6 2021).
  • 12.IMF. (2021). World Economic Outlook Update, Imf.
  • 13.Jochimsen, C., Rieser, F. and Oberndörfer, M., (2020). Germany - Measures in response to COVID-19 - KPMG Global. Available at: https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2020/04/germany-government-and-institution-measures-in-response-to-covid.html (Accessed: May 6 2021).
  • 14.Laaksonen, S., Lojamo, A. and Nikolov, B., (2020). Finland - Measures in response to COVID-19 - KPMG Global. Available at: https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2020/04/finland-government-and-institution-measures-in-response-to-covid.html (Accessed: May 6 2021).
  • 15.Lakner, C., Yonzan, N., Mahler, D.G., Aguilar, R.A.C. and Wu, H., (2021). Updated estimates of the impact of COVID-19 on global poverty: Looking back at 2020 and the outlook for 2021. Available at: https://blogs..org/opendata/updated-estimates-impact-covid-19-global-poverty-looking-back-2020-and-outlook-2021 (Accessed: May 27 2021).
  • 16.Liland, A.H., Skinstad, I.P., (2020). Norway - Measures in response to COVID-19 - KPMG Global. Available at: https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2020/04/norway-government-and-institution-measures-in-response-to-covid.html (Accessed: May 6 2021).
  • 17.Mahler, D.G., Lakner, C., Aguilar, R.A.C. and Wu, H., (2020). The impact of COVID-19 (Coronavirus) on global poverty: Why Sub-Saharan Africa might be the region hardest hit. Available at: https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/impact-covid-19-coronavirus-global-poverty-why-sub-saharan-africa-might-be-region-hardest (Accessed: May 27 2021).
  • 18.Martini, M., Gazzaniga, V., Bragazzi, N.L. and Barberis, I., (2019). The Spanish Influenza Pandemic: A lesson from history 100 years after 1918, Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, 60(1):E64-E67.
  • 19.McKibbin, W., Fernando, R., (2020). The Global Macroeconomic Impacts of COVID-19: Seven Scenarios (CAMA Working Paper 19/2020), Australian National University. Crawford School of Public Policy., (February), pp. 1-55.
  • 20.Pizarro, C.M., Torres, A.M. and Uria, F. (2020). Spain - Measures in response to COVID-19 - KPMG Global. Available at: https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2020/04/spain-government-and-institution-measures-in-response-to-covid.html (Accessed: May 6 2021).
  • 21.Plott, C., (2020). Austria: Tax developments in response to COVID-19 - KPMG Global. Available at: https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2020/04/austria-tax-developments-in-response-to-covid-19.html (Accessed: May 6 2021).
  • 22.Saunders-Hastings, P.R., Krewski, D., (2016). Reviewing the history of pandemic influenza: Understanding patterns of emergence and transmission, Pathogens, 5(4).
  • 23.Schmidt, O., Treloggen, D. and Andersen, S., (2020). Denmark - Measures in response to COVID-19 - KPMG Global. Available at: https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2020/04/denmark-government-and-institution-measures-in-response-to-covid.html (Accessed: May 6 2021).
  • 24.Seroin, P., Bocoum, B. and Bernauer, F., (2020). France - Measures in response to COVID-19 - KPMG Global. Available at: https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2020/04/france-government-and-institution-measures-in-response-to-covid.html (Accessed: May 6 2021).
  • 25.StatsSA. (2019). Five facts about poverty in South Africa. Available at: http://www.statssa.gov.za/?p=12075 (Accessed: May 3 2021).
  • 26.Steward, C., (2021). Number of coronavirus (Covid-19) Cases in Europe as of May 16, 2021, by country, Statista. Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1104837/coronavirus-cases-europe-by-country/ (Accessed: May 21 2021).
  • 27.Todaro, M.P., Smith, S.C., (2011). Economic development. 11th ed. Essex: Pearson Education Limited.
  • 28.Tronconi, A., Arban, D. and Castro, F.L. (2020). Italy - Measures in response to COVID-19 - KPMG Global. Available at: https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2020/04/italy-government-and-institution-measures-in-response-to-covid.html (Accessed: May 6 2021).
  • 29.Verhulst, A., Van Hamersveld, E. and Enneman, M., (2020). Netherlands - Measures in response to COVID-19 - KPMG Global. Available at: https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2020/04/netherlands-government-and-institution-measures-in-response-to-covid.html (Accessed: May 6 2021).
  • 30.Wang, C., Horby, P.W., Hayden, F.G. and Gao, G.F., (2020). A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern, The Lancet, 395(10223):470-473.
  • 31.Wang, L., Wang, Y., Jin, S., Wu, Z., Chin, D.P. Koplan, J.P. and Wilson, M.E., (2008), Emergence and control of infectious diseases in China, The Lancet, 372(9649):1598-1605.
  • 32.Warson, E., De Neve, J. and Lauwers, W., (no date), Belgium - Measures in response to COVID-19 - KPMG Global. Available at: https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2020/04/belgium-government-and-institution-measures-in-response-to-covid.html (Accessed: May 6 2021).
  • 33.Williams, T., (2020). Support For European Entrepreneurs During Coronavirus Pandemic, Forbes. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/tommywilliams1/2020/03/19/guide-of-measures-taken-by-governments-to-help-businesses-and-entrepreneurs-during-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic/?sh=4aedc3cf2b2d (Accessed: May 23 2021).
  • 34.Woodward, D., Nimmo, B. and Ost, I., (2020). United Kingdom - Measures in response to COVID-19 - KPMG Global. Available at:
  • 35.https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2020/04/united-kingdom-government-and-institution-measures-in-response-to-covid.html (Accessed: May 6 2021).
  • 36.Wu, T., Perrings, C., Kinzig, A., Collins, J.P. Minteer, B.A. and Daszak, P., (2017). Economic growth, urbanisation, globalisation, and the risks of emerging infectious diseases in China: A review', Ambio. Springer Netherlands, 46(1):18-29.
  • 37.Xinhuanet., (2020). Experts say that initial progress has been made in the pathogen identification of the novel coronavirus of Wuhan's unexplained viral pneumonia epidemic-Xinhua English.news.cn. Available at: http://www.xinhuanet.com/2020-01/09/c_1125438971.htm (Accessed: May 21 2021).
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-b6680c83-4785-437a-aaaf-5bb8bf7e273a
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