Regulatory policy of renewable energy sources in the European national economies

• Autorzy: Koval Viktor , Sribna Yevheniia , Kaczmarzewski Sylwester , Shapovalova Alla , Stupnytskyi Viktor

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.33223/epj/141990

Warianty tytułu

PL

Polityka regulacyjna państw europejskich w zakresie odnawialnych źródeł energii

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The article analyzes and evaluates the development of renewable energy from the standpoint of state regulation and incentives. It is noted that the global production of renewable electricity has increased by 15% over the last year. The periods of introduction of the “green tariff” as an economic stimulus for the development of solar energy, which became the starting point for the development of alternative generation in different countries, are analyzed. The role of institutional factors in the development of renewable energy, such as the free issuance of licenses for electricity generation, stimulating the creation of specialized research areas, technology development and production of relevant equipment, was observed. The necessity of taking into account the regional peculiarity in the state stimulation of the development of renewable energy is proved. The economic efficiency of the state regulation of alternative energy in time measurement per conditional unit of alternative renewable energy stations was calculated, taking the coefficient of proportionality into account. Therefore, the calculation indicates the high effectiveness of government policy in regulating energy in terms of only short-term lag (α = 1.3) and the number of stations 80 percent of full saturation relative to the basic needs of energy consumption. A separate further stage in the development of renewable energy without the introduction and expansion of the “green tariff” has been identified. This approach was introduced in Poland, which ensured the country not only the inflow of foreign investment, but also the formation of free competition among investors.

PL

W artykule dokonano analizy i oceny rozwoju energetyki odnawialnej z punktu widzenia regulacji i dotacji w różnych państwach. Warto zauważyć, że światowa produkcja energii elektrycznej ze źródeł odnawialnych odnotowała wzrost o 15% w ciągu ostatniego roku. W niniejszym artykule analizie poddano okresy wprowadzania „green tariff” jako ekonomicznego bodźca do rozwoju energetyki słonecznej, które stały się punktem wyjścia do rozwoju alternatywnych źródeł energii w różnych krajach. Czynniki instytucjonalne w rozwoju OZE mogą obejmować działania takie jak bezpłatne wydawanie koncesji na wytwarzanie energii elektrycznej, stymulowanie tworzenia specjalistycznych obszarów badawczych, rozwój technologii i produkcja odpowiednich urządzeń. W artykule wykazano konieczność uwzględniania specyfiki danego regionu w organizowanym przez państwo stymulowanym rozwoju energetyki odnawialnej. Efektywność ekonomiczną wprowadzanych przez państwo działań dla rozwoju OZE obliczono w przeliczeniu na jednostkę instalacji OZE z uwzględnieniem współczynnika proporcjonalności. Z tego względu wyniki wskazują na wysoką skuteczność polityki rządu w obszarze regulacji jedynie w zakresie krótkotrwałego opóźnienia (α = 1,3) oraz liczby instalacji w wysokości maksymalnej 80% pełnego nasycenia w stosunku do standardowego zapotrzebowania na energię. Zidentyfikowano dalsze etapy rozwoju energetyki odnawialnej bez wprowadzania i rozszerzania „green tariff”. Takie podejście zostało wprowadzone w Polsce, co zapewniło krajowi nie tylko napływ inwestycji zagranicznych, ale także powstanie wolnej konkurencji wśród inwestorów.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

renewable energy; green tariff; preferential taxation; state regulation of renewable energy; solar power plants

PL

energia odnawialna; zielona taryfa; preferencyjne opodatkowanie; państwowe regulacje energii odnawialnej; elektrownia słoneczna

• Wydawca: Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
• Czasopismo: Polityka Energetyczna
• Rocznik: 2021
• Tom: T. 24, z. 3
• Strony: 61--78
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 43 poz., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Koval Viktor

• National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2562-4373

autor

Sribna Yevheniia

• National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Ukraine

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6676-0606

autor

Kaczmarzewski Sylwester

• Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute Polish Akademy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-+0002-6076-9626

autor

Shapovalova Alla

• V.I. Vernadsky Taurida National University, Ukraine

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4920-5539

autor

Stupnytskyi Viktor

• Dubno Branch Higher Education Institution «Open International University of Human Development «Ukraine», Ukraine

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8845-7643

Bibliografia

• Barbose, G.L. 2021. US Renewables Portfolio Standards 2021 Status Update: Early Release. Berkeley, United States: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL).
• Bazaluk et al. 2021a – Bazaluk, O., Havrysh, V. and Nitsenko, V. 2021a. Energy and environmental assessment of straw production for power generation. E3S Web of Conferences 228, DOI: 10.1051/ e3sconf/202122801010.
• Bazaluk et al. 2021b – Bazaluk, O., Havrysh, V., Fedorchuk, M. and Nitsenko, V. 2021b. Energy Assessment of Sorghum Cultivation in Southern Ukraine. Agriculture 11(8), DOI: 10.3390/agriculture11080695.
• BMWi 2010. Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie (BMWi) 2010. Energiekonzept für eine umweltschonende, zuverlässige und bezahlbare Energieversorgung. Berlin: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie.
• Cader et al. 2021 – Cader, J., Olczak, P. and Koneczna, R. 2021. Regional dependencies of interest in the “My Electricity” photovoltaic subsidy program in Poland. Polityka Energetyczna – Energy Policy Journal 24(2), pp. 97–116, DOI: 10.33223/epj/133473.
• Climate Change Act 2008. [Online] https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2008/27/contents [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• Climate Change Laws of the World 2016. 13th Five-Year Plan. [Online] https://www.climate-laws.org/geographies/china/policies/13th-five-year-plan [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• Edie Newsroom 1999. GERMANY: Shell opens solar cell factory in Europe’s ‘Solar Valley’. [Online] https://www.edie.net/news/0/GERMANY-Shell-opens-solar-cell-factory-in-Europes-Solar-Valley/1977 [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• EISA 2007. Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. [Online] https://www.govinfo.gov/content/ pkg/BILLS-110hr6enr/pdf/BILLS-110hr6enr.pdf [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• Energy Act 2004. UK Public General Acts. [Online] https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2004/20/contents [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• Energy Act 2008. UK Public General Acts. [Online] https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2008/32/contents [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• Energy Act 2010. [Online] https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/27/pdfs/ukpga_20100027_en.pdf [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• Energy Act 2013. [Online] https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2013/32/pdfs/ukpga_20130032_en.pdf [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• Energy Act 2016. UK Public General Acts. [Online] https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/20/contents/enacted [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• EPAct 2005. Energy Policy Act of 2005, Public Law 109-58. [Online] https://www.congress.gov/109/ plaws/publ58/PLAW-109publ58.pdf [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz 2000. [Online] https://www.clearingstelle-eeg-kwkg.de/eeg2000 [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz 2004. [Online] https://www.clearingstelle-eeg-kwkg.de/eeg2004 [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz 2009. [Online] https://www.clearingstelle-eeg-kwkg.de/eeg2009 [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz 2014. Retrieved from https://www.clearingstelle-eeg-kwkg.de/eeg2014 [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• Gestore Rete Trasmissione Nazionale 2002. Provisional Data on Operation of the Italian Power System. [Online] http://collaudo.download.terna.it/terna/0000/0124/06.PDF [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• GSE 2014. Incentivazionedellaproduzione di energiaelettrica da impianti a fontirinnovabilidiversidai fotovoltaici. [Online] https://www.gse.it [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• GSE 2021. Energy consumption. [Online] https://www.gse.it/ [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• IRENA 2015. Renewable Energy Prospects: United States of America. [Online] https://www.irena.org/publications/2015/Jan/Renewable-Energy-Prospects-United-States-of-America [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• IRENA 2020. Country Rankings. [Online] https://www.irena.org/Statistics/View-Data-by-Topic/Capacity -and-Generation/Country-Rankings [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• Kholiavko et al. 2020 – Kholiavko, N., Popova, L., Marych, M., Hanzhurenko, I., Koliadenko, S. and Nitsenko, V. 2020. Comprehensive methodological approach to estimating the research component influence on the information economy development. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu 4(178), pp. 192–199, DOI: 10.33271/nvngu/2020-4/192.
• Kohler, T. 2021. Renewable Energies marketing models Poland. [Online] https://www.roedl.com/renewable-energy-consulting/markets/countries/marketing-models-poland [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• Koval et al. 2021 – Koval, V., Hrymalyuk, A., Kulish, A., Kontseva, V., Boiko, N. and Nesenenko, P. 2021. Economic policy of industrial development and investment approach to the analysis of the national economy. Estudios De Economia Aplicada 39(6), DOI: 10.25115/eea.v39i6.5263.
• Koval et al. 2019 – Koval, V., Sribna, Y. and Gaska, K. 2019. Energy cooperation Ukraine-Poland to strengthen energy security. E3S Web Conference 132, 01009, DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/201913201009.
• Labunska et al. 2017 – Labunska, Sv., Petrova, M. and Prokopishyna, O. 2017. Asset and cost management for innovation activity. Economic Annals – XXI 165(5–6), pp. 13–18, DOI: 10.21003/ea.V165-03.
• Ministry of Economic Development of Italy 2018. Proposta di piano nazionaleintegrato per l’energia e il clima. [Online] https://www.mise.gov.it/images/stories/documenti/Proposta_di_Piano_Nazionale_Integrato_per_Energia_e_il_Clima_Italiano.pdf [Accessed: 2021-09-05] (in Italian).
• MOFCOM 2013. Renewable Energy Law of the People’s Republic of China. [Online] http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/policyrelease/Businessregulations/201312/20131200432160.shtml [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• National Development and Reform Comission 2019. [Online] https://web.archive.org/web/20190511191431/ http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/gzdt/201509/t20150921_751695.html [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• National Energy Administration 2021. [Online] http://english.www.gov.cn/state_council/2014/10/01/content_281474991089761.htm [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• Olczak at al. 2020 – Olczak, P., Matuszewska, D. and Kryzia, D. 2020. “Mój Prąd” as an example of the photovoltaic one off grant program in Poland. Polityka Energetyczna – Energy Policy Journal 23(2), pp. 123–138, DOI: 10.33223/epj/122482.
• Olczak at al. 2021a – Olczak, P., Kryzia, D., Matuszewska, D. and Kuta, M. 2021a. “My Electricity” Program Effectiveness Supporting the Development of PV Installation in Poland. Energies 14(1), 231, DOI: 10.3390/en14010231.
• Olczak et al. 2021b – Olczak, P., Przemysław, J., Kryzia, D., Matuszewska, D., Fyk, M. and Dyczko, A. 2021b. Analyses of duck curve phenomena potential in polish PV prosumer households’ installations. Energy Reports 7, November 2021, pp. 4609–4622, DOI: 10.1016/j.egyr.2021.07.038.
• Piper et al. 2019 – Piper, S., Cotting, A., Wilson, A., O’Reilly, J., Hlinka, M., Lehmann, J. and Hering, G. 2019. The 2020 US renewable energy outlook. [Online] https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/research/the-2020-us-renewable-energy-outlook [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• Pukala, R. and Petrova, M. 2019. Application of the AHP method to select an optimal source of financing innovation in the mining sector. E3S Web of Conferences 105, DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/201910504034.
• REN21 2018. A comprehensive annual overview of the state of renewable energy. [Online] https://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Full-Report-2018.pdf [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• Shmygol et al. 2020 – Shmygol, N., Schiavone, F., Trokhymets, O., Pawliszczy, D., Koval, V., Zavgorodniy, R. and Vorfolomeiev, A. 2020. Model for assessing and implementing resource-efficient strategy of industry. CEUR Workshop Proceedings 2713, pp. 277–294.
• Rogalski, T. 2018. A guide to support for Polish renewable energy sources following the 2018 amendments. [Online] https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/de-de/wissen/publications/5932a770/a-guide-to-support -for-polish-renewable-energy-sources-following-the-2018-amendments [Accessed: 2021-09-05].
• Tsimoshynska et al. 2021 – Tsimoshynska, O., Koval, M., Kryshtal, H., Filipishyna, L., Arsawan, W.E. and Koval, V. 2021. Investing in road construction infrastructure projects under public-private partnership in the form of concession. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu 2, pp. 184–192, DOI: 10.33271/nvngu/2021-2/184.
• Yankovyi et al. 2021 – Yankovyi, O., Koval, V., Lazorenko, L., Poberezhets, O., Novikova, M. and Gonchar, V. 2021. Modeling Sustainable Economic Development Using Production Functions. Estudios de Economia Aplicada 39(5), DOI: 10.25115/eea.v39i5.5090.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).