Performance of Soft Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Two Management Systems 'No-Till' and 'Conventional' in a Low Rainfall Semi-Arid Mediterranean Area of Morocco

• Autorzy: El Mzouri Mohamed Amine , El Mzouri El Houssine , Karima Samir

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12912/27197050/171773

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in farmers' fields under No-till farming compared to conventional farming with two management practices: 'Research recommended' vs 'Local farmers' practices. The study was conducted over a period of three cropping seasons in the Chaouia plain in Western Morocco, a Mediterranean semi-arid area with low rainfall. Trials were set up in a split-plot design with two factors: (1) management method (No-till vs. Conventional), and (2) practices (research recommended vs. Farmers' local practices), with four replications and were carried out at four farmers' fields (sites). Data collected included: stand density, canopy height, average number of tillers per plant, number of spikes per plant, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index. The results obtained show a significant effect of climatic years on the measured parameters. No-till system significantly improved yield components, canopy height, biological yield, and grain yield, particularly in dry years. No-till as practiced by farmers (C2) improved biological and grain yields, respectively, by 18 and 42% compared with farmers’ current local practices (C1). These gains were, respectively, 83% and 142%, for the research recommended package under No-till, those of the research recommended package under conventional management (without direct seeding), were 61% and 81% for the biological and the grain yields, respectively. The harvest index increased from 27% under the current conventional farmers’ local management (C1), to 31% with the research recommended package under the same management mode. Under No-till management, this index increased to 33% with local practices (C2) and 36% with the research recommended packages. No-till system can be a adaptative and resilient practice for wheat cultivation in the low rain fall semi-arid areas impacted by climate change, but farmers should consider the adoption of the whole No-till system, rather than limiting themselves solely to the zero-till seeder technique.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

semi-arid; cropping system; soft wheat; No-till farming; Mediterranean agriculture; agricultural technology

• Wydawca: Lubelski Oddział Polskiego Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej ; Lublin University of Technology ; WNGB Wydawnictwo Naukowe
• Czasopismo: Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology
• Rocznik: 2023
• Tom: Vol. 24, iss. 8
• Strony: 172--180
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 24 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

El Mzouri Mohamed Amine

• Falculty of Sciences Ben M’sick, Hassan 2 University, Morocco

• https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2796-7017

autor

El Mzouri El Houssine

• INRA Morocco, Department of Agronomy, PO. Box: 844, Settat, Mohamed 6 University Polytechnic, Morocco

• https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3869-4058

autor

Karima Samir

• Falculty of Sciences Ben M’sick, Hassan 2 University, Morocco

• https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9139-1256

Bibliografia

• 1. Abdelguerfi A., Chebouti A. 2000. Effet du stress hydrique sur la production de gousses et de graines chez quelques populations de Medicago truncatula (L.) Gaertn. Cahiers. Options Méditerranéennes, 45, 237–240.
• 2. Alahiane K. 2020. Impact du changement climatique sur les systèmes de cultures et mécanismes d’adaptation dans la plaine de Abda-Ahmar. Ph.D. Thèse, Université Hassan 1er, Settat. Morocco.
• 3. Beech D.F., Leach G.J. 1989. Comparative growth, water use and yield of chickpea, safflower and wheat in southeastern Queensland. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 29(5), 655–662. DOI:10.1071/EA9890655.
• 4. Bouzza A. 1992. Conservation tillage in cereal production systems in Morocco: A future perspective. Proceedings of international seminar on tillage in arid and semi-arid areas, pp. 248–255.
• 5. Bouzza A. 1990. Water conservation in wheat rotations under several management and tillage systems in semi-arid areas. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/dissertations /AAI90 30107.
• 6. FAO 2016. Changement climatique, agriculture et sécurité alimentaire. La situation Mondiale de L’alimentation et De l’agriculture. Rome, Italy, pp. 234. https://www.fao.org/documents/
• 7. Gate P., Bouthier A., Casabianca H., Deleens E. 1993. Caractères physiologiques décrivant la tolérance à la sécheresse des blés cultivés en France: interprétation des corrélations entre le rendement et la composition isotopique du carbone des grains. Colloque Diversité génétique et amélioration variétale Montpellier, France). Les colloques. 64. INRA. Paris.
• 8. Hatfield J. L., Sauer T. J., Prueger J. 2001. Managing soils to achieve greater water use efficiency a review. Agronomy Journal, 93(2), 271–280. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2001.932271x.
• 9. Huwe B. 2003. Soil Tillage in Agroecosystems. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton.
• 10.Idrissi O., Houasli C., Nsarellah N. 2012. Comparaison de lignées avancées de lentille sous stress hydrique durant la phase de floraison et formation des gousses, Journal de Nature et Technologie, 8(B), 58–61. http://hdl.handle.net/ 1854/LU-5669688.
• 11. Kacemi M. 1992. Water conservation, crop rotations and tillage systems in semi-arid Morocco. Ph.D. Thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA. URL: https://libguides.colostate.edu/education.
• 12.Kacemi M., Peterson G.A., Mrabet R. 1995. Water conservation, wheat-crop rotations, and conservation tillage systems in a turbulent Moroccan semi-arid agriculture. Proceedings of the International Dryland Agriculture Conference, Rabat, Morocco, 83–91.
• 13. Lal R., Reicosky D., Hanson J. 2007. Evolution of the plow over 10000 years and the rationale for no-till farming. Soil Tillage Research, 93(1), 1–12. doi:10.1016/J.STILL.2006.11.004.
• 14. M'hedhbi K. 1995. Effets des outils de travail du sol et de semis direct sur le rendement des céréales cultivées en sec. Grandes cultures, 1, 36–45.
• 15. Mrabet R. 1997. Crop residue management and tillage systems for water conservation in a semiarid area of Morocco. Ph.D. Thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA. URL: https://libguides.colostate. edu/ education.
• 16. Mrabet R. 2000. Differential response of wheat to tillage management systems under continuous cropping in a semiarid area of Morocco. Field Crops Research, 66(2), 165–174. doi:10.1016/S0378–4290(00)00074–5.
• 17. Mrabet R. 2001. Le semis direct : une technologie avancée pour une agriculture durable au Maroc. Transfert de Technologie en agriculture MADR-DERD, 76, 1–4. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.22223.79522.
• 18. Passioura J. 2004. Increasing Crop productivity when water is scarce: From breeding to field management. Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress. New Direction for a Diverse Planet, Brisbane, 1–17. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2005.07.012.
• 19. Passioura J. 2006. Increasing crop productivity when water is scarce-from breeding to field management. Agricultural Water Management, 80(1–3), 176–196. doi:10.1016/j.agwat. 2005.07.012.
• 20. Quiza D., Belkhodja M., Bissati S., Hadjadj S. 2010. Effet du stress salin sur l’accumulation de Proline chez deux espèces d’Atriplex halimus L. et Atriplex Canescens. Nutt, European journal of scientific research, 41(2), 249–260.
• 21. Fathi A., Barari T. D. 2016. Effect of drought stress and its mechanism in plants. International Journal of Life Sciences, 10 (1), 1–6.
• 22. SAS Institute. 2011. SAS 9.4 user’s guide. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC.
• 23. Shrestha R., Turner N.C., Siddique K. M., Turner D.W., Speijers J.A. 2006. Water deficit during pod development in lentils reduces flower and pod number but not seed size. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, (57), 42–438.
• 24. Triboï E. 1990. Modèle d’élaboration du poids du grain chez le blé tendre. Agronomie, 10(3), 191–200.