Prototype of the domestic CHP ORC energy system

• Autorzy: Kicinski J. , Zywica G.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1515/bpasts-2016-0047

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery (IMP PAN) in Gdansk pursues its own research in fields such as technologies that use renewable energy sources efficiently, including in particular the small-scale combined heat and power (CHP) systems. This article discusses the design concepts for the prototype of small CHP ORC (organic Rankine cycle) energy system, developed under the research project. The source of heat is a boiler designed for biomass combustion. Electricity was generated using specially designed oil-free vapour micro-turbine. The turbo-generator has compact structure and hermetical casing thanks to the use of gas bearings lubricated by working medium. All energy system components are controlled and continuously monitored by a coherent automation and control system. The article also discusses selected experimental results conducted under laboratory conditions. Thermal-flow tests were presented that allow for an assessment of the operation of energy system components. Additionally, energy performance results of the turbo-generator were given including power obtained at various cycle parameters. The achieved results have shown that the developed energy system operated in accordance with design solutions. Electricity derived from the energy system prototype was around 2 kW, with boiler’s thermal power of 25 kW. The research has also confirmed that this system can be used in a domestic environment.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

distributed cogeneration; ORC systems; micro-turbines; renewable energy sources

PL

kogeneracja rozproszona; system ORC; mikroturbiny; odnawialne źródła energii

• Wydawca: Polska Akademia Nauk, Wydział IV Nauk Technicznych
• Czasopismo: Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: Vol. 64, nr 2
• Strony: 417--424
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 44 poz., tab., wykr., rys., fot.

Twórcy

autor

Kicinski J.

• Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, 14 Gen. J. Fiszera Str., 80-231 Gdansk, Poland

autor

Zywica G.

• Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, 14 Gen. J. Fiszera Str., 80-231 Gdansk, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] J. Kicinski, “Do we have chance for small-scale energy generation? The examples of technologies and devices for distributed energy systems in micro & small scale in Poland”, Bull. Pol. Ac.: Tech. 61 (4), 749-756 (2013).
• [2] G. Qiu, H. Liu, and S. Riffat, “Expanders for micro-CHP systems with organic Rankine cycle”, Applied Thermal Engineering 31, 3301-3307 (2011).
• [3] W. Wang, Y. Wu, C. Maa, L. Liu, and J. Yu, “Preliminary experimental study of single screw expander prototype”, Applied Thermal Engineering 31, 3684-3688 (2011).
• [4] S. Declaye, S. Quoilin, L. Guillaume, and V. Lemort, “Experimental study on an open-drive scroll expander integrated into an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) system with R245fa as working fluid”, Energy 55, 173-183 (2013).
• [5] Ch. S. Wong, D. Meyer, and S. Krumdieck, “Selection and conversion of turbocharger as turbo-expander for organic Rankine cycle (ORC)”, 35th New Zealand Geothermal Workshop, Rotorua (2013).
• [6] S.-W. Hsu, H.-W. D. Chiang, and Ch.-W. Yen, “Experimental Investigation of the Performance of a Hermetic Screw-Expander Organic Rankine Cycle”, Energies 7, 6172-6185 (2014).
• [7] S. Clemente, D. Micheli, M. Reini, and R. Taccani, “Energy efficiency analysis of Organic Rankine Cycles with scroll expanders for cogenerative applications”, Applied Energy 97, 792-801 (2012).
• [8] D. Fiaschi, G. Manfrida, and F. Maraschiello, “Thermo-fluid dynamics preliminary design of turbo-expanders for ORC cycles”, Applied Energy 97, 601-608 (2012).
• [9] P. Klonowicz, A. Borsukiewicz-Gozdur, P. Hanausek, W. Kryllowicz, and D. Bruggemann, “Design and performance measurements of an organic vapour turbine”, Applied Thermal Engineering 63, 297-303 (2014).
• [10] S. Cordiner and V. Mulone, “Experimental-numerical analysis of a biomass fueled microgeneration power-plant based on microturbine”, Applied Thermal Engineering 71, 905-912 (2014).
• [11] D. Fiaschi, G. Manfrida, and F. Maraschiello, “Design and performance prediction of radial ORC turboexpanders”, Applied Energy 138, 517-532 (2015).
• [12] T. Kaczmarczyk, E. Ihnatowicz, S. Bykuc, G. Zywica, and Z. Kozanecki, “Experimental investigation of the ORC system in a cogenerative domestic power plant with a microturbine and an expansion valve”, ASME ORC 2013, 2nd International Seminar on ORC Power System, Rotterdam (The Netherlands) (2013).
• [13] J. Kicinski and G. Zywica, Steam microturbines in distributed cogeneration, Springer, 2014.
• [14] A. Borsukiewicz-Gozdur, “Experimental investigation of R227ea applied as working fluid in the ORC power plant with hermetic turbogenerator”, Applied Thermal Engineering 56, 126-133 (2013).
• [15] Z. Kozanecki, E. Tkacz, J. Lagodzinski and K. Miazga, “Theoretical and experimental investigation of oil-free bearings and their application in diagnostics of high-speed turbomachinery”, Key Engineering Materials 588, 302-309 (2014).
• [16] J. Kicinski and G. Zywica, “The numerical analysis of the steam microturbine rotor supported on foil bearings”, Advances in Vibration Engineering 11(2), 113-120 (2012).
• [17] K. Kosowski, R. Stepien, W. Wlodarski, M. Piwowarski and L. Hirt, “Partial admission stages of high efficiency for a microturbine”, Proc. VETOMC III International Conference, Gdansk, 115-125 (2012).
• [18] W. Nowak, A. Borsukiewicz-Gozdur, P. Klonowicz, A. Stachel, P. Hanausek and W. Klonowicz, “Small prototype of ORC power plant fuelled by water at 100°C: first experimental results”, Przeglad Geologiczny 58(7), 622-625 (2010).
• [19] L. Dong, H. Liu, and S. Riffat, “Development of small-scale and micro-scale biomass-fuelled CHP systems - A literature review”, Applied Thermal Engineering 29, 2119-2126 (2009).
• [20] G. Qiu, Y. Shao, J. Li, H. Liu, and S.B. Riffat, “Experimental investigation of a biomass-fired ORC-based micro-CHP for domestic applications”, Fuel 96, 374-382 (2012).
• [21] H. Liu, G. Qiu, Y. Shao, F. Daminabo and S.B. Riffat, “Preliminary experimental investigations of a biomass-fired micro-scale CHP with organic Rankine cycle”, International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 5, 81-87 (2010).
• [22] E. Saverio Barbieri, P.R. Spina, and M. Venturini, “Analysis of innovative micro-CHP systems to meet household energy demands”, Applied Energy 97, 723-733 (2012).
• [23] G. Pei, J. Li, Y. Li, D. Wang, and J. Ji, “Construction and dynamic test of a small-scale organic Rankine cycle”, Energy 36, 3215-3223 (2011).
• [24] D. Meyer, Ch. Wong, F. Engel, and S. Krumdieck1, “Design and build of a 1 kilowatt organic Rankine cycle power generator”, 35th New Zealand Geothermal Workshop, Rotorua (2013).
• [25] V. Minea, “Power generation with ORC machines using lowgrade waste heat or renewable energy”, Applied Thermal Engineering 69, 143-154 (2014).
• [26] H. Liu, Y. Shao, and J. Li, “A biomass-fired micro-scale CHP system with organic Rankine cycle (ORC) Thermodynamic modelling studies”, Biomass and Bioenergy 35, 3985-3994 (2011).
• [27] J.-B. Bouvenot, B. Latour, M. Siroux, B. Flament, P. Stabat, and D. Marchio, “Dynamic model based on experimental investigations of a wood pellet steam engine micro CHP for building energy simulation”, Applied Thermal Engineering 73, 1041-1054 (2014).
• [28] A. Schuster, S. Karellas, E. Kakaras, and H. Spliethoff, “Energetic and economic investigation of Organic Rankine Cycle applications”, Applied Thermal Engineering 29, 1809-1817 (2009).
• [29] S.R. Wood and P.N. Rowley, “A techno-economic analysis of small-scale, biomass-fuelled combined heat and power for community housing”, Biomass and Bioenergy 35, 3849-3858 (2011).
• [30] S. Quoilin, M.Van Den Broek, S. Declaye, P. Dewallef, and V. Lemort, “Techno-economic survey of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 22, 168-186 (2013).
• [31] A. Algieri and P. Morrone, “Techno-economic analysis of biomass- fired ORC systems for single-family combined heat and power (CHP) applications”, Energy Procedia 45, 1285-1294 (2014).
• [32] X.P. Chen, Y.D. Wang, H.D. Yu, D.W. Wu, Yapeng Li, and A.P. Roskilly, “A domestic CHP system with hybrid electrical energy storage”, Energy and Buildings 55, 361-368 (2012).
• [33] K. Bogucka-Bykuc, W. Wlosinski, and S. Bykuc, “Towards development of a prototype high-temperature latent heat storage unit as an element of a RES-based energy system (part 1)”, Bull. Pol. Ac.: Tech. 62 (3), 489-494 (2014).
• [34] D. Maraver, A. Sin, J. Royo, and F. Sebastian, “Assessment of CCHP systems based on biomass combustion for small-scale applications through a review of the technology and analysis of energy efficiency parameters”, Applied Energy 102, 1303-1313 (2013).
• [35] K. Smierciew, J. Gagan, D. Butrymowicz, and J. Karwacki, “Experimental investigations of solar driven ejector air-conditioning system”, Energy and Buildings 09, 260-267 (2014).
• [36] D. Kardas, T. Turzynski, I. Wardach-Swiecicka, and K. Ronewicz, Combustion and heat transfer in oil biomass boiler, IFFM Publisher, Gdansk, 2014.
• [37] G. Zywica, M. Drewczynski, J. Kicinski, and R. Rzadkowski, “Computational Modal and Strength Analysis of the Steam Microturbine with Fluid-Film Bearings”, Journal of Vibration Engineering & Technologies 2(6), 543-549 (2014).
• [38] J. Mikielewicz, D. Mikielewicz, E. Ihnatowicz, T. Kaczmarczyk, J. Wajs, R. Matysko, S. Bykuc, and W. Rybinski, Thermodynamic cycles of the domestic micro CHP ORC power plant, IFFM Publisher, Gdansk, 2013.
• [39] M. Kaniecki, Henke A., and Krzemianowski Z., Pump units for the micro CHP ORC system with low boiling agent, IFFM Publisher, Gdansk, 2013.
• [40] D. Mikielewicz, J. Mikielewicz, E. Ihnatowicz, T. Muszynski, J. Wajs, W. Rybinski, Selected aspects of the design and testing of heat exchangers for domestic micro CHP ORC cycle, IFFM Publisher, Gdansk, 2013.
• [41] M. Lackowski, A. Krupa, D. Butrymowicz, “Dielectrophoresis flow control in microchannels”, Journal of Electrostatics, 71, 921-925 (2013).
• [42] Z. Kozanecki, D. Kozanecka, P. Klonowicz, J. Lagodzinski, M. Gizelska, E. Tkacz, K. Miazga, and A. Kaczmarek, Oil-free micro-power turbomachinery, IFFM Publisher, Gdansk, 2014
• [43] R. Stepien, Selected aspects of the design of multistage axial microturbines, IFFM Publisher, Gdansk, 2013.
• [44] J. Kicinski, G. Zywica, Z. Kozanecki, E. Ihnatowicz, T. Kaczmarczyk, T. Turzynski, S. Bykuc, J. Niewiadomski, and D. Kardas, “Preliminary studies of the micro CHP ORC prototype. Determination of the initial characteristics”, Internal Report of IFFM PAS no 196/2014, Gdansk 2014, (in Polish).

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.