3D Model Fragile Watermarking Scheme for Authenticity Verification

• Autorzy: Grzegorz Kozieł , Liudmyla Malomuzh

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12913/22998624/194146

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

With the development of new technologies, 3D models are becoming increasingly important. They are used to design new models, document cultural heritage and scan valuable artefacts or evidence. They are also used in medicine. For these reasons, they are vulnerable to forgery. Protection against forgery done by encrypting the model or signing it digitally may restrict access to the data or require additional files to store the signatures. A good way to confirm the originality of 3D models is fingerprinting. This technique involves attaching a fragile watermark directly to the watermarked data. In the paper, we propose a new fingerprinting method for 3D models. The method hides the fingerprint in the least significant digits of the coordinates of the selected vertices. The fingerprint is created by calculating the hash-based message authentication code (HMAC) from the model textures and all vertex coordinates except the digits intended to attach the fingerprint. These digits are processed using discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The HMAC is attached to the selected DWT coefficients. The inverse discrete wavelet transform is then performed to obtain the new values of the modified digits. The digits are put back into the 3D model coordinates and the model is reassembled. Verification of the model originality is done according to the used steganographic key and consists of comparing the HMAC value extracted from the fingerprinted model with the HMAC value calculated from it. The same values of both HMAC results indicate that the model has not been modified. The proposed method allows efficient model fingerprinting and detection of changes made to any part of the model. The included fingerprints are transparent – the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of a fingerprinted model can reach 150dB and its structural similarity can be over 99.8%.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

steganography; 3D; DWT; PSNR; fingerprinting; HMAC; lifting scheme; fragile watermarking

• Wydawca: Lublin University of Technology ; Polish Society of Ecological Engineering (PTIE), Branch of PTIE in Lublin
• Czasopismo: Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
• Rocznik: 2024
• Tom: Vol. 18, no 8
• Strony: 351--365
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 54 poz., fig., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Grzegorz Kozieł

• Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38A, 20-618 Lublin, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9948-7087

autor

Liudmyla Malomuzh

• Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38A, 20-618 Lublin, Poland

Bibliografia

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