Wymiana masy w przepływie gaz-ciecz w mikroreaktorach

• Autorzy: Sobieszuk P.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Mass transfer in gas-liquid flow in microreactors

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Mikroreaktory są nowymi, coraz częściej stosowanymi, aparatami, których rozmiar charakterystyczny zawiera się w przedziale od 10 µm do 1 mm. Mikroreaktory charakteryzują się trzema podstawowymi zaletami, tj. dużym stosunkiem powierzchni do objętości, wysokimi wartościami gradientów stężeń i temperatury oraz możliwością pracy niewielkimi objętościami mediów. Zwłaszcza pierwsza z wymienionych zalet mikroreaktorów sprawia, że są one często stosowane w układach heterofazowych. W badaniach skupiono się na mikroreaktorach z przepływem gaz-ciecz, które dzielą się na aparaty z kanałami zamkniętymi i otwartymi. W obu typach aparatów omówiono elementy ich hydrodynamiki ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem tych aspektów hydrodynamicznych, które najbardziej wpływają na efektywność transportu masy. Główną część pracy poświęcono analizie procesów wymiany masy w przepływie gaz-ciecz w mikroreaktorach. W mikrokanałach zamkniętych z przepływem Taylora gaz-ciecz wyznaczono wartości współczynników wnikania masy w obu fazach. Omówiono udziały oporów po stronie gazu i cieczy w przepływie Taylora w zależności od rozpuszczalności gazów oraz szybkości reakcji chemicznej w fazie ciekłej i stwierdzono zdecydowaną przewagę oporów wnikania masy po stronie cieczy. Uzyskano zbliżone wartości powierzchni międzyfazowej wyznaczone metodą fotograficzną oraz chemiczną Danckwertsa. Potwierdzono takie, że w mikroreaktorach uzyskuje się bardzo wysokie wartości powierzchni międzyfazowej. Są one rzędu 10000 m2/m3. Przeprowadzono symulacje wymiany masy w przepływie Taylora zakładając dyfuzyjny i konwekcyjny ruch fazy ciekłej. Analiza porównania wyników symulacji z wynikami doświadczalnymi wykazała poprawność założenia występowania obu mechanizmów transportu masy. Wybrane wyniki uzyskane dla układów gaz-ciecz odniesiono również do układów ciecz-ciecz. Ostatecznie zaproponowano metodę zastosowania mikroreaktora z kanałami zamkniętymi do wyznaczenia stałej Henry'ego. Dla mikrokanałów otwartych z przepływem gaz-ciecz wykazano, ze korelacje do obliczania współczynników wnikania masy w spływie cieczy po płaskiej ścianie nie powinny być stosowane w mikroreaktorach ze spływającą warstewką cieczy. Wyznaczono doświadczalnie wartości współczynników wnikania masy w obu fazach i wykazano, że w określonych warunkach prowadzenia procesu, opory wnikania w obu fazach mogą być porównywalne. Przeprowadzono także badania dotyczące możliwości występowania efektu konwekcji komórkowej w mikroreaktorze ze spływającą warstewką cieczy. W wyniku tych badań stwierdzono występowanie efektu Marangoniego w warunkach pracy badanego mikroreaktora. Wszystkie, przedstawione w pracy, uzyskane wyniki doświadczalne i teoretyczne wskazują na bardzo ważny element, a mianowicie intensyfikację wymiany masy w mikroreaktorach z przepływem gaz-ciecz.

EN

Microreactors are new, more and more often used, apparatus, whose characteristic size is in the range of 10 µm to 1 mm. They are characterized by three main advantages: a high ratio of interfacial area to volume, high values of temperature and concentration gradients and the ability to work small volumes of media. In particular, the first of these advantages frequently allows to use microreactors in heterogeneous systems. The study focused on microreactors with gas-liquid flow, which are divided into apparatus with open or closed channels. In both types of microreactors, elements of hydrodynamics were discussed with particular emphasis on these aspects of hydrodynamics that affect the efficiency of mass transport most. The main part of the work was devoted to the discussion of mass transfer processes in gas-liquid flow in microreactors. In microchannels with the gas-liquid Taylor flow, the values of mass transfer coefficients in both phases were determined. The influence of gas solubility and chemical reaction rate on contribution of mass transfer resistance in both phases was discussed. A major advantage of the resistance of mass transfer liquid-side was stated. Similar values of the interface area determined by photographic and chemical Danckwerts' method were obtained. It was also confirmed that a high value of interfacial area of the order of 10000 m2/m3 is observed in microrcactors. Simulations of mass transfer in Taylor flow assuming diffusion and convective mechanism of the liquid phase motion were carried out. A comparison of the simulation results with experimental results demonstrated the correctness of assumptions of the occurrence of both mass transfer mechanisms. Some results obtained for gas-liquid systems also referenced liquid-liquid systems. Finally, a method of using a microreactor with closed channels to find Henry's constant value was proposed. In open microchannels with gas-liquid flow, it was indicated that the correlations for the calculation of mass transfer coefficients in liquid flow on vertical plate should not be used in a falling film microreactor (FFMR). The values of mass transfer coefficients in both phases were experimentally determined. It was pointed out that depending on process conditions, the resistance of mass transfer in both phases may be comparable. The possibilities of occurrence of cellular convection effect in the falling film microreactor were also investigated. The existence of the Marangoni effect in our microreactor was observed. All findings presented in the work show that intensification of mass transfer in microreactors with gas-liquid flow is observed.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

mikroreaktor; przepływ heterofazowy; wymiana masy

EN

microreactor; heterogeneous flow; mass transfer

• Wydawca: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej
• Czasopismo: Prace Wydziału Inżynierii Chemicznej i Procesowej Politechniki Warszawskiej
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: Vol. 37, z. 1
• Strony: 3--140
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 143 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Sobieszuk P.

• Wydział Inżynierii Chemicznej i Procesowej

Bibliografia

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