Assessment of Harmfulness of Phenolic Resins Hardened by CO₂ in an Aspect of Emission of Substances from BTEX and PAH Groups

• Autorzy: Holtzer M. , Żymankowska-Kumon S. , Bobrowski A. , Dańko R. , Kmita A.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Out of moulding sands used in the foundry industry, sands with organic binders deserve a special attention. These binders are based on synthetic resins, which ensure obtaining the proper technological properties and sound castings, however, they negatively influence the environment. If in the initial state these resins are not very dangerous for people and for the environment, thus under an influence of high temperatures they generate very harmful products, being the result of their thermal decomposition. Depending on the kind of the applied resin under an influence of a temperature such compounds as: furfuryl alcohol, formaldehyde, phenol, BTEX group (benzene, toluene, ethylobenzene, xylenes), and also polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be formed and released.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

environment protection; phenolic resin; BTEX; PAH; foundry

PL

ochrona środowiska; żywica fenolowa; BTEX; PAH; odlewnia

• Wydawca: Komisja Odlewnictwa Polskiej Akademii Nauk Oddział w Katowicach
• Czasopismo: Archives of Foundry Engineering
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: Vol. 13, iss. 1 spec.
• Strony: 39--43
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 18 poz., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Holtzer M.

• AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Reymonta 23, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

autor

Żymankowska-Kumon S.

• AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Reymonta 23, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

autor

Bobrowski A.

• AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Reymonta 23, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

autor

Dańko R.

• AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Reymonta 23, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

autor

Kmita A.

• AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Reymonta 23, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] Holtzer M., Grabowska B., Żymankowska-Kumon S., Kwaśniewska-Królikowska D., Dańko R., Solarski W. & Bobrowski A. (2012). Harmfulness of moulding sands with bentonite and lustrous carbon carriers. Metalurgija. 51(4), 437-440.
• [2] Humfrey C.D.N, Levy L.S. & Faux S.P. (1996). Potential carcinogenicity of foundry fumes: a comparative in vivo-in vitro study. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 34, 1103-1111. DOI: 10.1016/S0278-6915(97)00081-1.
• [3] Ribeiro M.G. & Filho W.R.P. (2006). Risk assessment of chemicals in foundries: the international chemical toolkit pilot-project. Journal of Hazardous Materials. A136, 432-437. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.01.019.
• [4] Scarbel P., Bats C.E. & Griffin J. (2006). Effect of Mold and Binder Formulation on Gas Evolution When Pouring Aluminum Casting. AFS Transactions. 114, 435-445.
• [5] Faber J., Perszewska K., Żmudzińska M., Latała-Holtzer M. (2010). Identification of smells from casting processes using “e-nose”. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 10(spec. 2), 39-42.
• [6] Bobrowski A. & Holtzer M. (2009). Assessment of environmental influence of bentonite and lustrous carbon carrier – in an ascpect of gases emission. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 9(1), 21-24.
• [7] Holtzer M., Kwaśniewska-Królikowska D., Bobrowski A., Dańko R., Grabowska B., Żymankowska-Kumon S. & Solarski W. (2012). Investigations of a harmful components emission from moulding sands with bentonite and lustrous carbon carriers when in contact with liquid metals. Przegląd Odlewnictwa. 3-4,124-132.
• [8] Kubecki M., Holtzer M., Grabowska B. & Bobrowski A. (2011). Development of method for identification of compounds emitted during thermal degradation of binders used in foundry. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 11(spec. 1), 125-130.
• [9] LaFay V.S., Crandell G. & Schifo J. (2007). Foundry of the Future: Recommendations to Improve Environmental and Energy Concerns in Sand Foundries. AFS Transcations. 115, 977-989.
• [10] Holtzer M. & Dańko R. (2009). Theory and practice in reclamation and management of used moulding and core sands (Monograph), Komisja Odlewnictwa PAN. Ed. J. Szajnara, Katowice-Gliwice, 133-152.
• [11] Ji S., Wan L., Fan Z. (2001). The toxic compounds and leaching characteristics of spent foundry sands. Water, Air and Soil Pollution. 132, 347-364. DOI: 10.1023/A: 1013207000046.
• [12] Holtzer M., Lewandowski J.L., Bilska M. & Grabowska B. (2004). Leaching of harmful substances from some moulding and core sands used in iron foundry. Przegląd Odlewnictwa. 54(10-11), 870–874.
• [13] Holtzer M., Lewandowski J.L., Bilska M. & Grabowska B. (2004). Characteristics of moulding sands and core used in iron foundry - in terms of eluating harmful substances. Przegląd Odlewnictwa. 6, 482-488.
• [14] Holtzer M. (2003). Trends in sand moulds and cores with organic binder. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 3(9), 189-196.
• [15] Holtzer M. (2002). Trends in sand molds and cores with inorganic binder to reduce harmful impact an environment. Archiwum Odlewnictwa. 2(3), 50-56.
• [16] Holtzer M. (2011). World development tendencies in the field of moulding and core sands with regard to their environmental impact. Przegląd Odlewnictwa. 61(3-4), 112-121.
• [17] LaFay V.S., Neltner S., Carroll D., Couture D.J. (2010). Know the Environmental Impact of Your Additives. Modern Casting. 10, 27-29.
• [18] Experimental stand for investigating the emissivity and harmfulness of gases emitting from technological materials applied in casting and foundry processes (2012). Patent application: P-398 709 with legal effect.