Determination of Heat Loss from the Feet and Insulation of the Footwear

• Autorzy: Kuklane K. , Afanasieva R. , Burmistrova O. , Bessonova N. , Holmer I.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This study compared the methods of determining footwear insulation on human participants and a thermal foot model. Another purpose was to find the minimal number of measurement points on the human foot that is needed for insulation calculation. A bare foot was tested at 3 ambient temperatures on 6 participants. Three types of footwear were tested on 2 participants. The mean insulation for a bare foot obtained on the participant and model were similar. The insulation of warm footwear measured by the 2 methods was also similar. For thin footwear the insulation values from the participants were higher than those from the thermal model. The differences could be related to undefined physiological factors. Two points on the foot can be enough to measure the insulation of footwear on human participants (r = .98). However, due to the big individual differences of humans, and good repeatability and simplicity of the thermal foot method, the latter should be preferred for testing.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

foot; thermal insulation; footwear; thermal foot model; skin temperature; heat loss

PL

stopy; obuwie; izolacja cieplna; temperatura skóry

• Wydawca: Taylor & Francis
• Czasopismo: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
• Rocznik: 1999
• Tom: Vol. 5, No. 4
• Strony: 465--476
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 11 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Kuklane K.

• Department of Occupational Medicine, National Institute for Working Life, Solna, Sweden
• Department of Human Work Sciences, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden

autor

Afanasieva R.

• Institute of Labour Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia

autor

Burmistrova O.

• Institute of Labour Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia

autor

Bessonova N.

• Institute of Labour Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia

autor

Holmer I.

• Department of Occupational Medicine, National Institute for Working Life, Solna, Sweden

Bibliografia

• [1] Bergquist, K., & Holmér, I. (1997). A method for dynamic measurement of the resistance to dry heat exchange by footwear. Applied Ergonomics, 28(5/6), 383-388.
• [2] Ducharme, M.B., & Brooks, C.J. (1998). The effect of wave motion on dry suit insulation and the responses to cold water immersion. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, 69(10), 957-964.
• [3] Ducharme, M.B., Potter, P., & Brooks, C.J . (1998, October). Determination of immersion suit thermal resistance: A comparison between human and manikin. Paper presented at the Program and Abstracts, the Eighth International Conference on Environmental Ergonomics, San Diego, CA, USA.
• [4] European Committee for Standardization (CEN). (1992). Requirements and test methods for safety, protective and occupational footwear for professional use (Standard No. EN 344:1992). Brussels, Belgium: Author.
• [5] Kuklane, K., Geng, Q., & Holmér, I. (1998). Effect of footwear insulation on thermal responses in the cold. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 4(2), 137-152.
• [6] Kuklane, K., & Holmér, I. (1998). Effect of sweating on insulation of footwear. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 4(2), 123-136.
• [7] Lotens, W.A. (1989). A simple model for foot temperature simulation (IZF 1989-8). Soesterberg, The Netherlands: TNO Institute for Perception.
• [8] Santee, W.R., & Endrusick, T.L. (1988). Biophysical evaluation of footwear for cold-weather climates. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, 59(February), 178-182.
• [9] Standardisation Committee of the USSR. (1981). Safety standards system. Leather protective footwear. Method for the determination of summary thermal resistance (Standard No. GOST 12.4.104-81). Moscow, Russian Federation: Author. (In Russian).
• [10] Standardisation Committee of the USSR. (1996). Safety standards system. Individual protection means from low temperatures. Method of the determination of summary thermal resistance (Standard No. GOST 12.4.185-96). Moscow, Russian Federation: Author. (In Russian).
• [11] Uedelhoven, W.H. (1994, September). Quantitative judgement of wearing comfort of hand-/foot-wear using a hand-/foot-model. Paper presented at the Sixth International Conference on Environmental Ergonomics, Montebello, Qc, Canada.