Index of Mechanical Work in Gait of Children with Cerebral Palsy

• Autorzy: Dziuba A. K. , Tylkowska M. , Jaroszczuk S.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5277/abb140309

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The pathological gait of children with cerebral palsy involves higher mechanical work, which limits their ability to function properly in society. Mechanical work is directly related to walking speed and, although a number of studies have been carried out in this field, few of them analysed the effect of the speed. The study aimed to develop standards for mechanical work during gait of children with cerebral palsy depending on the walking speed. The study covered 18 children with cerebral palsy and 14 healthy children. The BTS Smart software and the author's software were used to evaluate mechanical work, kinetic, potential and rotational energy connected with motion of the children body during walk. Compared to healthy subjects, mechanical work in children with cerebral palsy increases with the degree of disability. It can be expressed as a linear function of walking speed and shows strong and statistically significant correlations with walking gait. A negative statistically significant correlation between the degree of disability and walking speed can be observed. The highest contribution to the total mechanical energy during gait is from mechanical energy of the feet. Instantaneous value of rotational energy is 700 times lower than the instantaneous mechanical energy. An increase in walking speed causes the increase in the effect of the index of kinetic energy on total mechanical work. The method described can provide an objective supplementation for doctors and physical therapists to perform a simple and immediate diagnosis without much technical knowledge.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

children walking; cerebral palsy; mechanical energy

PL

chód dziecka; porażenie mózgowe; energia mechaniczna

• Wydawca: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
• Czasopismo: Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: Vol. 16, no. 3
• Strony: 77--87
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 25 poz., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Dziuba A. K.

• University School of Physical Education

autor

Tylkowska M.

• University School of Physical Education

autor

Jaroszczuk S.

• University School of Physical Education

Bibliografia

• [1] BENNETT B.C., ABEL M.F., WOLOVICK A., FRANKLIN T., ALLAIRE P.E., KERRIGAN C., Center of Mass Movement and Energy Transfer During Walking in Children With Cerebral Palsy, Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 2005, 86, 2189–2194.
• [2] BURDETT R.G., SKRINAR G.S., SIMON S.R., Comparison of mechanical work and metabolic energy consumption during normal gait, J. Orthop. Res., 1983, 1(1), 63–72.
• [3] DRUŻBICKI M., RUSEK W., SZCZEPANIK M., DUDEK J., SNELA S., Assessment of the impact of orthotic gait training on balance in children with cerebral palsy, Acta Bioeng. Biomech., 2010, 12(2), 53–58.
• [4] DZIUBA A., The mimic of horse’s back movement by mechanical saddle for hippotherapy, Acta Bioeng. Biomech., 2000, Suppl. 1, 159–161.
• [5] GAGE J.R., The Treatment of Gait Problems in Cerebral Palsy, Mac Keith Press, Cambridge 2004.
• [6] GRABOWSKI A., FARLEY C.T., KRAM R., Independent metabolic costs of supporting body weight and accelerating body mass during walking, J. Appl. Physiol., 2005, 98, 579–58.
• [7] HOF A.L., Scaling gait data to body size, Gait and Posture, 1996, 4, 222–223.
• [8] JENSEN K.R., Body segment mass, radius and radius of gyration proportions of children, J. Biomech., 1986, 19(5), 359–368.
• [9] JOHNSTON T.E., MOORE S.E., QUINN L.T., SMITH B.T., Energy cost of walking with cerebral palsy: relation to the Gross Motor Function Classification System, Dev. Med. Child. Neurol., 2004, 46, 34–38.
• [10] MASSAAD F., VAN DEN HECKE A., RENDERS A., DETREMBLEUR C., Influence of equines treatments on the vertical displacement of the body’s centre of mass in children with cerebral palsy, Dev. Med. Child. Neurol., 2006, 48, 813–818.
• [11] MCDOWELL B., COSGROVE A.P., BAKER R., Estimating mechanical cost in subjects with myelomeningocele, Gait and Posture, 2002, 15(1), 25–31.
• [12] NEPTUNE R.R., ZAJAC F.E., KAUTZ S.A., Muscle mechanical work requirements during normal walking: the energetic cost of raising the body’s center-of-mass is significant, J. Biomech., 2004, 37, 817–25.
• [13] ODDING E., ROEBROECK M.E., STAM H.J., The epidemiology of cerebral palsy: Incidence, impairments and risk factors, Disabil. Rehabil., 2006, 28(4), 183–191.
• [14] OLNEY S.J., COSTIGAN P.A., HEDDEN D.M., Mechanical energy patterns in gait of cerebral-palsied children with hemiplegia, Phys. Ther., 1987, 67, 1348–54.
• [15] PALISANO R., ROSENBAUM P.L., WALTER S., RUSSELL D., WOOD E., GALUPPI B., Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy, Dev. Med. Child. Neurol., 1997, 39(4), 214–23.
• [16] PERRY J., Gait analysis: Normal and pathological function, Slack Inc., USA, 1992.
• [17] ROSE J., GAMBLE J.G., BURGOS A., MEDEIROS J., HASKELL W.L., Energy expenditure index of walking for normal children and for children with cerebral palsy, Dev. Med. Child. Neurol., 1990, 32, 333–40.
• [18] SAUNDERS J.B., INMAN V.T., EBERHART H.D., The major determinants in normal and pathologic gait, J. Bone Jnt. Surg., 1953, 35A, 543–557.
• [19] STANSFIELD B.W., HILLMAN S.J., HAZLEWOOD M.E., LAWSON A.M., MANN A.M., LOUDON I.R., ROBB J.E., Normalisation of gait data in children, Gait and Posture, 2003, 17, 81–87.
• [20] SUTHERLAND D.H., The evolution of clinical gait analysis. Part III – kinetics and energy assessment, Gait and Posture, 2005, 21, 447–461.
• [21] UNNITHAN V.B., DOWLING J.J., FROST G., BAR-OR O., Role of cocontraction in the O2 cost of walking in children with cerebral palsy, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 1996, 28, 1498–504.
• [22] UNNITHAN V.B, DOWLING J.J., FROST G., BAR-OR O., Role of mechanical power estimates in the O2 cost of walking in children with cerebral palsy, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 1999, 31, 1703–8.
• [23] VAUGHAN Ch.L., Dynamics of human gait, 2 ed., Kiboho Publishers, 1999.
• [24] WATERS R.L., MULROY S., The energy expenditure of normal and pathologic gait, Gait and Posture, 1999, 9, 207–31.
• [25] ZARRUGH M.Y., TODD F.N., RALSTON I.J., Optimization of Energy Expenditure during Level Walking, Europ. J. Appl. Physiol., 1974, 33, 293–306.