Benzen. Dokumentacja proponowanych dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego

• Autorzy: Szymańska Jadwiga , Frydrych Barbara , Bruchajzer Elżbieta

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.54215/PiMOSP/2.113.2022

Warianty tytułu

EN

Benzene. Documentation of proposed values of occupational exposure limits (OELs)

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

Benzen jest bezbarwną lub lekko żółtą cieczą o charakterystycznym zapachu. Naturalnymi źródłami benzenu są gazy emitowane z wulkanów i pożarów lasów oraz produkty ropopochodne. Benzen stosuje się przede wszystkim jako rozpuszczalnik oraz materiał wyjściowy w syntezie wielu chemikaliów. W Polsce w 2020 r. 28 osób pracowało w narażeniu na benzen o stężeniach powyżej obowiązującej wartości NDS. Benzen działa narkotycznie w warunkach zatrucia ostrego. Ciekły działa drażniąco. Po narażeniu przewlekłym u ludzi obserwowano zmiany hematologiczne we krwi oraz nowotwory, w tym ostrą białaczkę szpikową. Podobne efekty obserwowano u zwierząt laboratoryjnych. Benzen i/lub jego metabolity wykazują działanie genotoksyczne. Takie działanie benzenu wykazano u ludzi zawodowo narażonych na związek o stężeniu <3,2 mg/m3(<1 ppm). Benzen nie jest teratogenem dla zwierząt. Jako wartość NDS dla benzenu proponuje się przyjąć stężenie rekomendowane w dyrektywie Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady, zmieniającej dyrektywę 2004/37/WE, tj. 0,66 mg/m3. Ryzyko wystąpienia białaczki u pracowników zawodowo narażonych na benzen o stężeniu 0,66 mg/m3 mieści się w zakresie 2,7 · 10−4 ÷ 1˚10−3. Proponuje się także dodać notacje: „Carc. 1A” (substancja rakotwórcza kategorii zagrożenia 1A); „skóra” (wchłanianie substancji przez skórę może być tak samo istotne, jak przy narażeniu drogą oddechową); „Muta. 1B” (działanie mutagenne na komórki rozrodcze kategorii zagrożenia 1B). Jako biomarkery zawodowego narażenia na benzen zaproponowano stężenie benzenu 2,5 μg/l moczu oraz stężenie kwasu S-fenylomerkapturowego (S-PMA) na poziomie 9,0 μg/g kreatyniny w moczu. Zakres tematyczny artykułu obejmuje zagadnienia zdrowia oraz bezpieczeństwa i higieny środowiska pracy będące przedmiotem badań z zakresu nauk o zdrowiu i inżynierii środowiska.

EN

Benzene is a colorless to slightly yellow liquid with the characteristic odor. Gases emitted from volcanoes and forest fires as well as petroleum products are natural sources of benzene. It is used primarily as a solvent and a starting material in the synthesis of many chemicals. In 2020 Poland, 28 people were exposed to benzene in concentrations exceeding the current TLV value. Benzene is a narcotic under the severe poisoning conditions. The liquid is irritating. Haematological changes in the blood and neoplasms, including acute myeloid leukemia, have been observed in humans after chronic exposure. Similar effects were seen in laboratory animals. Benzene and/or its metabolites are genotoxic. Such an effect of benzene was demonstrated in people occupationally exposed to the compound at a concentration of < 3.2 mg/m³ (< 1 ppm). Benzene is not an animal teratogen. As the value of TLV for benzene, it is proposed to adopt the concentration recommended in the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2004/37/EC, i.e. 0.66 mg/m3 . The risk of leukemia at employees professionally exposed to benzene at a concentration of 0.66 mg/m3 is within the range from 2.7 • 10−4 to 1 • 10−3. It is also proposed to add the following notations: “Carc. 1A” (carcinogenic substance of hazard category 1A); “Skin” (the absorption of substances through the skin may be as important as for inhalation exposure); “Muta. 1B” (germ cell mutagenicity, hazard category 1B). Benzene concentration of 2.5 µg/l of urine and the concentration of S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) at the level of 9.0 µg/g of creatinine in urine were proposed as biomarkers of occupational exposure to benzene. This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

benzen; toksyczność; rakotwórczość; narażenie zawodowe; NDS; nauki o zdrowiu; inżynieria środowiska

EN

benzene; toxicity; carcinogenicity; occupational exposure; MAC; health sciences; environmental engineering

• Wydawca: Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
• Czasopismo: Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: Nr 3 (113)
• Strony: 21--117
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 390 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Szymańska Jadwiga

• Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi 90-151 Łódź, ul. J. Muszyńskiego 1 POLAND

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3320-008X

autor

Frydrych Barbara

• Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi 90-151 Łódź, ul. J. Muszyńskiego 1 POLAND

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9383-5319

autor

Bruchajzer Elżbieta

• Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi 90-151 Łódź, ul. J. Muszyńskiego 1 POLAND

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4494-5722

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Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).