Fabrication of electrochemical nanoelectrode for sensor application Rusing focused ion beam technology

• Autorzy: Łaszcz A. , Nogala W. , Czerwinski A. , Ratajczak J. , Kątcki J.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/pjct-2014-0048

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The capabilities and applications of the focused ion beam (FIB) technology for detection of an electrochemical signal in nanoscale area are shown. The FIB system, enabling continuous micro- and nanofabrication within only one equipment unit, was used to produce a prototype of electrochemical nanometer-sized electrode for sensor application. Voltammetric study of electrochemically active compound (ferrocenemethanol) revealed the diffusion limiting current (12 pA), corresponding to a disc (planar) nanoelectrode with about 70 nm diameter of contact area. This size is in a good accordance with the designed contact-area (50 nm × 100 nm for width × thickness) of the FIB-produced nanoelectrode. It confi rms that produced nanoelectrode is working properly in liquid solution and may enable correct measurements in nanometer-sized regions.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

FIB nanotechnology; nanosensor; electrochemistry

• Wydawca: West Pomeranian University of Technology. Publishing House
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: Vol. 16, nr 3
• Strony: 40--44
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 22 poz., rys., wykr., wz.

Twórcy

autor

Łaszcz A.

• Institute of Electron Technology, al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland

autor

Nogala W.

• Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physical Chemistry, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland

autor

Czerwinski A.

• Institute of Electron Technology, al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland

autor

Ratajczak J.

• Institute of Electron Technology, al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland

autor

Kątcki J.

• Institute of Electron Technology, al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland

Bibliografia

• 1. Tseng, A.A. (2005). Recent Developments in Nanofabrication Using Focused Ion Beams. Nanofabrication 1 (10),924–939. DOI: 10.1002/smll.200500113.
• 2. Balasubramanian, K. (2010). Challenges in the use of 1D nanostructures for on-chip biosensing and diagnostics: A review. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 26(4), 1195–1204. DOI:10.1016/j.bios.2010.07.041.
• 3. Walker, G.M., Ramsey, J.M., Cavin, R.K., Herr, D.J., Merzbacher, C.I. & Zhirnov, V. (2009, February). A Framework for Bioelectronics Discovery and Innovation. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved April 25, 2012, from http://www.nist.gov/pml/div683/upload/bioelectronics_report.pdf
• 4. Wang, J. (2006). Electrochemical biosensors: Towards point-of-care cancer diagnostics. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 21(10), 1887–1892. DOI:10.1016/j.bios.2005.10.027.
• 5. Sadik, O.A., Mwilu, S.K. & Aluoch, A. (2010). Smart electrochemical biosensors: From advanced materials to ultrasensitive devices. Electrochimica Acta 55, 4287–4295. DOI:10.1016/j.electacta.2009.03.008.
• 6. Murray, R.W. (2008). Nanoelectrochemistry: Metal Nanoparticles, Nanoelectrodes, and Nanopores. Chem. Rev. 108(7), 2688–2720. DOI: 10.1021/cr068077e.
• 7. Fan, F.R.F. & Bard, A.J. (1995). Electrochemical Detection of Single Molecules, Science 267, 871–875. DOI: 10.1126/ science.267.5199.871.
• 8. Li, Y.X., Cox, J.T. & Zhang, B. (2010). Electrochemical Responses and Electrocatalysis at Single Au Nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(9), 3047–3054. DOI: 10.1021/ja909408q.
• 9. Krapf, D., Quinn, B.M., Wu, M.Y., Zandbergen, H.W., Dekker, C. & Lemay, S.G. (2006). Experimental observation of nonlinear ionic transport at the nanometer scale. Nano Letters 6(11), 2531–2535. DOI: 10.1021/nl0619453.
• 10. Sun, P. & Mirkin, M.V. (2006). Kinetics of Electron-Transfer Reactions at Nanoelectrodes. Anal. Chem. 78(18), 6526–6534. DOI: 10.1021/ac060924q.
• 11. Sun, P., Laforge, F.O., Abeyweera, T.P., Rotenberg, S.A., Carpino, J. & Mirkin, M.V. (2008). Nanoelectrochemistry of mammalian cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105(2), 443–448. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0711075105.
• 12. Velmurugan, J., Noel, J.M., Nogala, W. & Mirkin, M.V. (2012). Nucleation and Growth of Metal on Nanoelectrodes. Chem. Sci. 3, 3307–3314. DOI: 10.1039/C2SC21005C.
• 13. Velmurugan, J., Zhan, D.P. & Mirkin, M.V. (2010). Electrochemistry through glass. Nature Chem. 2, 498–502. DOI:10.1038/nchem.645.
• 14. Zhan, D.P., Velmurugan, J. & Mirkin, M.V. (2009). Adsorption/Desorption of Hydrogen on Pt Nanoelectrodes: Evidence of Surface Diffusion and Spillover. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131(41), 14756–14760. DOI: 10.1021/ja902876v.
• 15. Sun, P. & Mirkin, M.V. (2008). Electrochemistry of Individual Molecules in Zeptoliter Volumes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130(26), 8241–8250. DOI: 10.1021/ja711088j.
• 16. Arrigan, D.W.M. (2004) Nanoelectrodes, nanoelectrode arrays and their applications. Analyst 129, 1157–1165. DOI: 10.1039/B415395M.
• 17. Errachid, A., Mills, C.A., Pla-Roca, M., Lopez, M.J., Villanueva, G., Bausells, J., Crespo, E., Teixidor, F. & Samitier, J. (2008). Focused ion beam production of nanoelectrode arrays. Mater. Sci. Engin. C 28, 777–780. DOI: 10.1016/j. msec.2007.10.077.
• 18. Lanyon, Y.H., De Marzi, G., Watson, Y.E., Quinn, A. J., Gleeson, J.P., Redmond, G. & Arrigan, D.W.M. (2007). Fabrication of Nanopore Array Electrodes by Focused Ion Beam Milling. Anal. Chem. 79(8), 3048–3055. DOI: 10.1021/ ac061878x.
• 19. Santschi, C., Jenke, M., Hoffmann, P. & Brugger, J. (2006). Interdigitated 50 nm Ti electrode arrays fabricated Rusing XeF2 enhanced focused ion beam etching. Nanotechnology 17, 2722–2729. DOI:10.1088/0957-4484/17/11/0021.
• 20. Triroj, N., Jaroenapibal, P., Shi, H., Yeh, J.I. & Beresford, R. (2011). Microfl uidic chip-based nanoelectrode array as miniaturized biochemical sensing platform for prostate-specifi c antigen detection. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 26, 2927–33. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.11.039.
• 21. Moretto, L.M., Tormen, M., De Leo, M., Carpentiero, A. & Ugo, P. (2011). Polycarbonate-based ordered arrays of electrochemical nanoelectrodes obtained by e-beam lithography. Nanotechnology 22, 185305 (7pp). DOI:10.1088/0957- 4484/22/18/185305.
• 22. Lanyon, Y.H. & Arrigan, D.W.M. (2008). Nanostructured materials in electrochemistry. In A. Eftekhari (Ed.), Top-down approaches to the fabrication of nanopatterned electrodes (pp. 187–210). Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. DOI: 10.1002/9783527621507.ch3.