Water management in the Vistula delta (Poland)

• Autorzy: Kowalik P. J.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This paper presents past and recent water management in the area called the Vistula Delta Fens (Żuławy Fens). This area (56 x 56 km) is located at the outlet of the Vistula River to the Baltic Sea, at the shore of the Gulf of Gdańsk. A large part of the area (30%) is located below sea level as potentially submerged depressions. A multitude of rivers, channels, ditches and pumping stations have been constructed here over several centuries. The area is characterized by highly productive alluvial soils, surface water with a high potential for fish-farming and fishery, and attractive tourist areas at the banks of the rivers and channels. Historically, floods have occurred repeatedly as a result of: (i) – breaks in the dams along big rivers, e.g. after heavy rains and high water levels (in summer); (ii) – dam breaks caused by accumulation of ice-cakes in winter or during spring times; (iii) – dam breaks after storms on the sea with increasing sea water levels at the river outlets (mainly in winter); (iv) – overflow of water into flat land after heavy rains followed by slow drainage of water from the fields, ditches, channels and pumping stations (in summer); (v) – overflow of water into depressions and swamps below sea level after interruptions of, or decreases in, the pump operations at the pumping stations. The EU directive on flood control advises that the member countries should: (i) – produce maps of the areas vulnerable to floods to facilitate communication and planning; (ii) – develop management plans for flooding events; (iii) – exchange experience and codes of good practice during flood; (iv) – facilitate a close cooperation between the scientific community and politicians in the field of flood protection; (v) – raise the level of knowledge, communication and awareness among local societies living in areas prone to flooding.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

delta; Vistula river; depressions; floods; history; submergence

• Wydawca: Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
• Czasopismo: Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: Vol. 4, Iss. 1
• Strony: 47--52
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 22 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Kowalik P. J.

• Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland

Bibliografia

• Bertram H., 1907, Die Entwicklung des Deich und Enwässerungswesens, Druck der Danziger Allgemainen Zeitung, Danzig, 194 pp.
• Cebulak K., 1977, Vistula Delta Fens as an example of polder integration in a developmental processes of land reclamation (in Polish), Ph. D. Thesis, Gdańsk University of Technology
• Cebulak K., 2004a, Chłodniewo – a polder and a pumping station in the Vistula Delta (in Polish), Jantarowe Szlaki, 2 (272), 24-27
• Cebulak K., 2004b, Pumping station Osłonka and Marzęcin depression in the Vistula Delta (in Polish), Jantarowe Szlaki, 3 (273), 5-9,
• Cebulak K., 2004c, About the struggle against storms in the Vistula Delta Fens (in Polish), Jantarowe Szlaki, 4 (274), 8-12
• Cebulak K., 2005a, Where the Vistula River delta begins (in Polish), Jantarowe Szlaki, 1 (275), 1-4
• Cebulak K., 2005b, Here the Vistula River ends (in Polish), Jantarowe Szlaki, 2 (276), 3-7
• Cebulak K., 2005c, On the lowermost site in Poland (in Polish), Jantarowe Szlaki, 4 (278), 18-21
• Cebulak K., 2006a, On polder depressions in the Vistula Delta (in Polish), Jantarowe Szlaki, 1 (279), 7-11
• Cebulak K., 2006b, On polder depressions in the Vistula Delta Fens around the Lake Drużno (in Polish), Jantarowe Szlaki, 3 (281), 9-14
• De Bakker H., Marsman B.A., 1981, Cresty fields: fields with an elevated centre and lower margins, Boor & Spade, 20, 9-38
• Kowalik P., 1980, Water management in the Vistula Delta Fens (in Polish), [in:] Peribalticum, Problemy Badawcze Obszaru Bałtyckiego, B. Rosa (ed.), Wydawnictwo GTN, Gdańsk, 125-130
• Kowalik P., 1982, Polders of the Vistula River. In: Polders of the World, [in:] Proceedings of the International Symposium, Volume I, Lelystad, Netherlands, ILRI, Wageningen, 58-66
• Kowalik P., 1988, Water management and drainage design of a selected polder, Agricultural Water Management, 14, 103-112
• Kowalik P., 2001, Polder water management in the Vistula Delta Fens (in Polish), Monografia KGW PAN, Warszawa, 154 pp.
• Kowalik P., 2006, Drainage and capillary rise component in water balance of alluvial soils, Agricultural Water Management, 86, 206-211
• Kowalik P., 2007, Water and agriculture – a general overview, Tidskrift, The Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, 146 (1), 7-10
• Majewski A., 1980, Flood threat and water salinity in the Vistula Delta Fens (in Polish), [in:] Wybrane problemy rolnictwa, gospodarki wodnej i zagospodarowania przestrzennego Żuław delty Wisły – gospodarka wodna, Rada Koordynacyjna PAN w Gdańsku, Gdańsk, 43-50
• Majewski W., 2013, Sustainable development of the Lower Vistula, Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management, 1 (1), 33-37
• Makowski J., 1994, The utmost flood catastrophe in the history of Gdańsk and the probability of its re-occurrence (in Polish), Hydrotechnika, 18, 1-48
• Reich A., 1905, Das Meliorationwesen, E. Engelmann, Leipzig, 107 pp.
• Szukalski J., 1975, The Vistula Delta Fens (in Polish), Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, Warszawa, 152 pp.

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę