Air Defense of the Baltic States: Looking toward the Future

• Autorzy: Cieślak Eugeniusz

Identyfikatory

DOI

110.37105/sd.158

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The article offers a discussion of the origins, current state, and the future of air defence for the Baltic states. It relates developments in the field of air defense to changes in the security environment and the defence policies of the Baltic states. The article starts with a retrospective on the origins and development of air defence in the Baltic states before they joined NATO. Then, it focuses on the early years of integration with NATO Integrated Air Defense System and implications for air defence related to changes in the security of the Euro-Atlantic region stemming from aggressive Russian actions. An assessment of the current posture of air defence in the Baltic states serves as a starting point for a discussion on requirements for future developments and predicting possible outcomes. The research uses unclassified, publicly available documents and analytical reports to provide background information for a discussion on the future of air defense for the Baltic states. The Baltic states are aware of the limitations of their air defense and try to develop this capability within available resources. Changes to security environment after 2014 gave a new impetus to develop the air defense of the Baltic states, both through efforts undertaken by NATO and for national capability development.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

air defense; air defense system; Baltic states; NATO

PL

obrona powietrzna; system obrony powietrznej; kraje bałtyckie; NATO

• Wydawca: Centrum Rzeczoznawstwa Budowlanego Sp. z o.o.
• Czasopismo: Safety & Defense
• Rocznik: 2021
• Tom: 2
• Strony: 12--21
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 21 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Cieślak Eugeniusz

• University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Social Sciences, Siedlce, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6476-3643

Bibliografia

• 1. Adamowski J., Banks M. (2019, June 16) Without a NATO-wide effort, the skies along the northeastern flank could be in peril. https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2019/06/16/without-a-nato-wide-effort-the-skies-along-the-northeastern-flank-could-be-in-peril/
• 2. Baltic News Network. (2018, March 9). Baltics want faster US decisions on the region’s air defence. https://bnn-news.com/baltics-want-faster-us-decisions-on-the-regions-air-defence-181421
• 3. BNS. (2015, July 23). Baltic states must develop joint air defence system, Lithuanian defence minister says. https://lithuaniatribune.com/baltic-states-must-develop-joint-air-defence-system-lithuanian-defence-minister-says/
• 4. Cieślak E. (2019). Poland’s armed forces in NATO. Two decades of transformation. Polské ozbrojené síly v NATO. Dvě desetiletí transformace. Defence and Strategy, Volume 1/2019,23-38.
• 5. Cieślak, E. (2021). Unnamed Aircraft Systems: Challenges to Air Defense. Safety & Defense, 7(1), 72-83. https://doi.org/10.37105/sd.110
• 6. Dura M. (2015, October 23). Latvia Upgrades Its Air Defence Capabilities. https://www.defence24.com/latvia-upgrades-its-air-defence-capabilities
• 7. Harper Ch., Lawrence T., Sakkov S. (2018, May). Air Defence of the Baltic states. ICDS Tallinn. https://uploads.icds.ee/ICDS_Report_Air_Defence_Christopher_Har-per_Tony_Lawrence_Sven_Sakkov_May_2018.pdf
• 8. Klein R. M., Lundqvist S., Sumangil E., Pettersson U. (2019, November). Baltics Left of Bang: The Role of NATO with Partners in Denial-Based Deterrence. Strategic Forum. National Defence University. https://inss.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/strat-forum/SF-301.pdf?ver=2019-07-23-142433-990
• 9. Kulik, T. (2020). Selected Aspects of Contemporary Air Threats. Safety & Defense, 6(1), 11-21. https://doi.org/10.37105/sd.47
• 10. Lorenz W. (2012, September 21). Baltic Air Policing –misja w interesie NATO. Biuletyn Nr 82(947). Polish Institute of International Affairs. https://pism.pl/upload/images/artykuly/legacy/files/11518.pdf
• 11. Metha, A. (2018, September 12). Estonia eyes mid-range air defense systems to rectify NATO ‘oversight’. https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2018/09/12/estonia-eyes-mid-range-air-defense-systems-to-rectify-nato-oversight/
• 12. Ministry of National Defence. Republic of Lithuania (2020, October 30). NASAMS medium-range air defence system officially handed over to the Lithuanian Armed Forces. https://kam.lt/en/news_1098/current_issues/nasams_medium-range_air_defence_system_officially_handed_over_to_the_lithua-nian_armed_forces.html
• 13. NATO (2021). BALTIC AIR POLICING. https://ac.nato.int/missions/air-policing/baltics
• 14. NATO Standardization Agency (2010). AJP-3.3.1(B) Allied Joint Doctrine for Counter Air
• 15. NATO Standardization Office (2016). AJP-3.3 Allied Joint Doctrine for Air and Space Operations Edition B version 1
• 16. NATO. (2019, December 3). Baltic air surveillance network to enhance NATO air posture. https://ac.nato.int/archive/2019/page87502614
• 17. O’Hanlon M. E., Skaluba Ch. (2019, June 13). Order from Chaos. A report from NATO’s front lines. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/06/13/a-report-from-natos-front-lines/
• 18. Ploom I., Sliwa Z., Veebel V.(2020) The NATO “Defender 2020” exercise in the Baltic states: Will measured escalation lead to credible deterrence or provoke an escalation?, Comparative Strategy, 39:4, 368-384, https://doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2020.1772626
• 19. Republic of Estonia. Ministry of Defence. (2021, May 24). The Baltic states are jointly setting new goals for the development of military capabilities. https://kaitseminis-teerium.ee/en/news/baltic-states-are-jointly-setting-new-goals-development-military-capabilities
• 20. Reuters Staff. (2016, March 29). NATO needs to beef up defence of Baltic airspace-top commander. https://www.reuters.com/article/nato-security-baltics-id-INKCN0WV1NX
• 21. Riigiteataja.ee (2019). Agreement between the government of the Republic of Estonia, the government of the republic of Latvia and the government of the republic of Lithuania on the configuration of the Baltic air surveillance network and control system. https://www.riigiteataja.ee/aktilisa/2060/5202/0002/137XIV_Ohu-seire_ingl_k_L1.pdf

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).