Relationship Between Landscape Pattern and Human Disturbance from 1990 to 2018 in Mainland Portugal

• Autorzy: Quinta-Nova Luis

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.29227/IM-2024-01-80

Warianty tytułu

PL

Związek między wzorem krajobrazu a zakłóceniami powodowanymi przez człowieka w latach 1990-2018 w Portugalii kontynentalnej

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The land use/land cover pattern of landscapes as the main element of the landscape structure has an important role in landscape management, nature conservation, and preservation, considering its ability to provide valuable information about the spatial distribution and changes in land cover that occur on the Earth's surface. On the other hand, human activities have caused significant impacts on ecosystems, resulting in a loss of biodiversity, increased risks of erosion and soil degradation, and wildfires. In the last few decades, the growing trend of occurrence of negative effects on land use/land cover has not contributed to the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs), considering that the relationship between humankind and the environment is an extremely fragile equilibrium. In recent decades, large-scale land use and land cover (LULC) patterns have shown stability, but there have been significant dynamics observed specifically in forest areas and agricultural land. Among these changes, the conversion of maritime pine to eucalyptus stands out as the most relevant transition in terms of forest and agroforestry use classes. This conversion is a result of economic incentives available, which have contributed to the gain in forested areas. This study intends to verify how the alteration of the landscape configuration, represented by different metrics of configuration and diversity, is related to the intensity of human disturbance. The objectives of the study are: (1) to quantify the change in land use/land cover (LULC) patterns and the degree of human disturbance in Mainland Portugal between 1990 and 2018, and (2) to study the relationship between LULC configuration and the impact resulting from human disturbance under different levels of intensity, to understand how changing trends in landscape pattern can serve as indicators to estimate landscape changes resulting from human actions. The Hemeroby index (HI) was calculated to quantify the impacts on ecosystems resulting from disturbance caused by human actions. Based on the Hemeroby index value analysis for the period between 1990 and 2018, the level of naturalness increased in 58% of the country, mainly in the south and east of Portugal. The landscape pattern was quantified using a set of metrics, namely Mean Patch Size (MPS), Mean Shape Index (MSI), Total Edge (TE), Mean Patch Fractal Dimension (MPFD), and Mean Perimeter-Area Ratio (MPAR). To identify the existing statistical correlations between the geometric parameters of the landscape and the HIs values, the Spearman method was used. At the landscape level, the metrics TE and MSI have a strong negative correlation with HI. This suggests that landscapes with greater structural complexity are good indicators of low levels of hemeroby. At the class level, edge density (ED) and mean patch size (MPS) showed a significant correlation with the Hemeroby index for seminatural areas (all metrics), artificial surfaces and forests (TE, MSI, and MPS), agricultural areas (TE, MPS, and MPFD), and Bare Ground (TE, MSI, and MPFD).

Słowa kluczowe

EN

land use; landscape pattern; human disturbance; Portugal

PL

użytkowanie gruntów; wzór krajobrazu; zagrożenia spowodowane działalnością człowieka; Portugalia

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Przeróbki Kopalin
• Czasopismo: Inżynieria Mineralna
• Rocznik: 2024
• Tom: Vol. 1, no. 1
• Strony: 691--700
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 24 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Quinta-Nova Luis

• Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco. School of Agriculture, Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, 6001-909 Castelo Branco. Portugal

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8464-7527

Bibliografia

• 1. F. Geri, V. Amici and D. Rocchini, “Human activity impact on the heterogeneity of Mediterranean landscape”, Appl. Geogr. 30, 370-379 (2010).
• 2. H. L. Li, J. Peng, Y. X., Liu and Y.N. Hu, “Urbanization impact on landscape patterns in Beijing City, China: A spatial heterogeneity perspective”, Ecol. Indic. 82, 50-60 (2017).
• 3. P. Szilassi, T. Bata, S. Szabó, B. Czúcz, Z. Molnár and G. Mezősi, “The link between landscape pattern and vegetation naturalness on a regional scale”, Ecol. Indic. 81, 252-259 (2017).
• 4. T. Wu, P. Zha, M. Yu, G. Jiang, J. Zhang, Q. You and X. Xie, “Landscape Pattern Evolution and Its Response to Human Disturbance in a Newly Metropolitan Area: A Case Study in Jin-Yi Metropolitan Area”, Land 10(8), 767 (2021).
• 5. C. Villeneuve, D. Tremblay, O. Riffon, G. Lanmafankpotin, S. Bouchard, “Systemic tool and process for sustainability assessment”, Sustainability 9, 1909 (2017).
• 6. B. Ness, E. Urbel-Piirsalu, S. Anderberg, L. Olsson, “Categorising tools for sustainability assessment”. Ecol. Econ. 60, 498-508 (2007).
• 7. A. Vulevic, R. Castanho, J. Naranjo Gómez, L. Quinta-Nova, “Tendencies in land use and land cover in Serbia towards sustainable development in 1990–2018”. Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences 1, 43-52 (2022).
• 8. C. Renetzeder, M. van Eupen, S. Mücher, T. Wrbka, “A spatial regional reference framework for sustainability assessment in Europe”, in Sustainability Impact Assessment of Land Use Changes, edited by Helming et al. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 2008), pp. 249-268.
• 9. European Environment Agency, The European Environment. State and outlook 2020 (Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2019), pp. 112-131.
• 10. A. Nunes, “Uso do solo em Portugal continental: aspectos gerais da sua evolução”, Cadernos de Geografia 21/23, 91-103 (2004).
• 11. V. Campos, J. Ferrão, “O ordenamento do território em Portugal: uma perspetiva genealógica”, in ICS Working Papers 1, edited by J. Vasconcelos et al. (Lisbon University, Lisbon, 2015), pp. 1-42.
• 12. T. Wrbka, K. H. Erb, N. B. Schulz, J. Peterseil, C. Hahn and H. Haberl, “Linking pattern and process in cultural landscapes. An empirical study based on spatially explicit indicators”, Land Use Policy 21, 289-306 (2004).
• 13. P. Liu, C. Wu, M. Chen, X. Ye, Y. Peng and S. Li, “A Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Effects of Urbanization’s Socio-Economic Factors on Landscape Patterns Considering Operational Scales”, Sustainability 12, 2543 (2020).
• 14. Forman, R.T.T., Land Mosaics - The Ecology of Landscape and Regions (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995).
• 15. J. Jalas, “Hemerobe und hemechore Pflanzenarten Ein terminologischer Reformversuch”. Acta Fauna Flora Fenn. 72, 1-15 (1955).
• 16. H. Sukopp, “Dynamik und Konstanz in der Flora der Bundesrepublik Deutschland”, Schr.-R. f. Vegetationskunde, 9-27 (1976).
• 17. Y. Tian, B. Liu, Y. Hu, Q. Xu, M. Qu and D. Xu, “Spatio-Temporal Land-Use Changes and the Response in Landscape Pattern to Hemeroby in a Resource-Based City”, Int. Journal of Geo-Information 9, 1-26 (2020).
• 18. A. Machado, “An index of naturalness”, J. Nat. Conserv 12, 95–110 (2004).
• 10. A. Nunes, “Uso do solo em Portugal continental: aspectos gerais da sua evolução”, Cadernos de Geografia 21/23, 91-103 (2004).
• 11. V. Campos, J. Ferrão, “O ordenamento do território em Portugal: uma perspetiva genealógica”, in ICS Working Papers 1, edited by J. Vasconcelos et al. (Lisbon University, Lisbon, 2015), pp. 1-42.
• 12. T. Wrbka, K. H. Erb, N. B. Schulz, J. Peterseil, C. Hahn and H. Haberl, “Linking pattern and process in cultural landscapes. An empirical study based on spatially explicit indicators”, Land Use Policy 21, 289-306 (2004).
• 13. P. Liu, C. Wu, M. Chen, X. Ye, Y. Peng and S. Li, “A Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Effects of Urbanization’s Socio-Economic Factors on Landscape Patterns Considering Operational Scales”, Sustainability 12, 2543 (2020).
• 14. Forman, R.T.T., Land Mosaics - The Ecology of Landscape and Regions (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995).
• 15. J. Jalas, “Hemerobe und hemechore Pflanzenarten Ein terminologischer Reformversuch”. Acta Fauna Flora Fenn. 72, 1-15 (1955).
• 16. H. Sukopp, “Dynamik und Konstanz in der Flora der Bundesrepublik Deutschland”, Schr.-R. f. Vegetationskunde, 9-27 (1976).
• 17. Y. Tian, B. Liu, Y. Hu, Q. Xu, M. Qu and D. Xu, “Spatio-Temporal Land-Use Changes and the Response in Landscape Pattern to Hemeroby in a Resource-Based City”, Int. Journal of Geo-Information 9, 1-26 (2020).
• 18. A. Machado, “An index of naturalness”, J. Nat. Conserv 12, 95–110 (2004)
• 19. U. Steinhardt, F. Herzog, A. Lausch, E. Müller, S. Lehmann, “Hemeroby index for landscape monitoring and evaluation”, in Environmental Indices - System Analysis Approach, edited by Y.A. Pykh, D.E., Hyatt, R.J. Lenz, (Oxford, EOLSS Publ., 1999), 237-254.
• 20. Copernicus Program, “CORINE Land Cover”, https://land.copernicus.eu/paneuropean/corine-landcover, last accessed 2023/01/25.
• 21. T. Marques, Portugal na transição do século: retratos e dinâmicas territoriais (Edições Afrontamento, Porto, 2004).
• 22. U. Walz and C. Stein, “Indicators of hemeroby for the monitoring of landscapes in Germany”, J. Nat. Conserv., 22, 279-289 (2014).
• 23. K. McGarigal and B. J. Marks, Fragstats: Spatial pattern analysis program for quantifying landscape structure (General Technical Report PNW-GTR-351, US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon, Portland, USA, 1995).
• 24. R. R. Sokal and F. J. Rohlf, Introduction to Biostatistics, 2nd edition (W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, 1969)..

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr POPUL/SP/0154/2024/02 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki II" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2025).