Can microorganisms play a beneficial role in oil spill clean-up?

• Autorzy: Zegrocka-Stendel Oliwia

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.15199/17.2023.2.3

Warianty tytułu

PL

Czy mikroorganizmy mogą odgrywać korzystną rolę w usuwaniu wycieków ropy?

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Flourishing petroleum industry is the main cause of environmental pollution. According to the estimates, annually from 3 up to 6 million metric tons of crude oil are released into the world's water reservoirs due to oil seepage and spills. Supertanker accidents and oil rig disasters are the cause of major oil spills in the ocean, the oil slick while floating on the water surface can spread out by wind and currents to disrupt the ecosystem at long distances from the source of the spill. To limit the scale of environmental damage some oil spill clean-up techniques have been implemented, like for example skimming - physical separation of oil from water, use of sorbents such as, for example, volcanic ash and shavings of polyester-derived plastic to absorb oil hydrocarbons or application of surfactants to disperse oil plume in a water column and thus make it available for bacterial degradation. Recently, more attention is being paid to bioremediation process employing indigenous and exogenous hydrocarbon degrading bacteria to remove spilled oil fractions. This approach seems most promising and beneficial as ecosystem clean-up and recultivation method, since based on activity of naturally occurring microorganisms it is safer, more sustainable and providing diminished human impact on environment in comparison with other techniques.

PL

Rozwijający się przemysł naftowy jest główną przyczyną zanieczyszczenia środowiska. Według szacunków do światowych zbiorników wodnych trafia od 3 do 6 milionów ton ropy naftowej rocznie w wyniku wycieków. Wypadki supertankowców i katastrofy na platformach wiertniczych są przyczyną dużych wycieków ropy do oceanów. Plamy ropy unoszące się na powierzchni wody mogą rozprzestrzeniać się przez wiatr i prądy zakłócając ekosystem na duże odległości od źródła wycieku. Aby ograniczyć skalę szkód środowiskowych wdrożono techniki usuwania wycieków ropy, takie jak np. skimming - fizyczne oddzielenie ropy od wody, stosowanie sorbentów, takich jak np. popioły lub pyły wulkaniczne, lub tworzyw sztucznych na bazie poliestrów w celu sorpcji smug ropnych na powierzchni wody, a tym samym umożliwiania ich degradacji bakteryjnej. Ostatnio coraz więcej uwagi poświęca się procesowi bioremediacji z wykorzystaniem rodzimych i egzogennych bakterii rozkładających węglowodory do usuwania rozlanych frakcji ropy naftowej. Podejście to wydaje się najbardziej obiecujące i korzystne jako metody oczyszczania i rekultywacji ekosystemów ponieważ oparte są na aktywności naturalnie występujących mikroorganizmów. Techniki to są bezpieczniejsze i bardziej ekologiczne zapewniając mniejszy wpływ człowieka na środowisko w porównaniu z innymi technikami.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

oil spill; hydrocarbons; metabolism; enzymes; bacteria; consortium; bioremediation

PL

wycieki ropne; węglowodory; metabolizm; enzymy; bakterie; konsorcja bakteryjne; bioremediacja

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT
• Czasopismo: Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna
• Rocznik: 2023
• Tom: Nr 2
• Strony: 13--16
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 41 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Zegrocka-Stendel Oliwia

• Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu

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Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2024).