Elektrotermiczna synteza nanorurek węglowych pod ciśnieniem atmosferycznym

• Autorzy: Szymański Ł
• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

W rozprawie przedstawiono wybrane zagadnienia związane z termicznym procesem syntezy nanorurek węglowych w reaktorach pod ciśnieniem atmosferycznym. Po wstępie, w rozdziale pierwszym zostały przedstawione zagadnienia I podstawowe dotyczące syntezy i wzrostu nanorurek węglowych oraz możliwości zastosowania nanorurek węglowych w różnych gałęziach przemysłu. Kolejny rozdział zawiera przegląd metod syntezy nanorurek węglowych w reaktorach pracujących pod obniżonym ciśnieniem. W rozdziale tym zawarto przegląd kilku wybranych metod syntezy, w tym metodę elektrołukową, która była etapem pierwszych prac autora i dała mu w tym zakresie niezbędne doświadczenie. Kolejnych sześć rozdziałów to główna część pracy. W rozdziale trzecim są opisane nowo opracowane i zbudowane reaktory do syntezy nanorurek węglowych metodami elektrotermicznymi pod ciśnieniem atmosferycznym. Powstały one w znacznej większości z udziałem autora pracy. Rozdział ten zawiera również opisy konstrukcji reaktorów i obliczenia termiczne komory reakcyjnej, a także przebieg procesu termodynamicznego i analizę doboru reagentów. Skupiono się głównie na reaktorach z rezystancyjnym wytwarzaniem ciepła oraz na reaktorach wykorzystujących plazmę mikrofalową. W końcowej części rozdziału przedstawiono reaktor do syntezy nanorurek węglowych na podłożu ruchomym. Kolejne rozdziały zawierają wyniki prac nad syntezą nanorurek węglowych oraz analizę tych wyników. W rozdziale czwartym przedstawione zostały wyniki badań wykonanych w nowatorskim układzie syntezy nanorurek węglowych w przestrzeni gazowej. Wykorzystywana w nim plazma mikrofalowa jest źródłem energii niezbędnej do aktywacji katalizatora, a także do syntezy nanorurek węglowych, która zachodzi w przestrzeni gazowej. Kolejny rozdział zawiera wyniki badań syntezy i osadzania nanorurek na różnych podłożach. Zaprezentowano w nim badania termicznej syntezy nanorurek węglowych na podłożach wykonanych z krzemu, folii stalowej (stal nierdzewna) oraz na podłożach nieprzewodzących prądu elektrycznego (materiały włókiennicze). W odrębnych podrozdziałach opisane są również możliwości zastosowania dodatkowych czynników zewnętrznych wpływających na dynamikę termicznego procesu syntezy nanorurek węglowych. Analizowano, między innymi, wpływ wody i wodoru na efektywność procesu. W pracy zawarto syntetyczny opis stosowanych podłoży oraz sposobu ich przygotowania do nanoszenia nanorurek węglowych. Kolejna część pracy stanowi kompendium doboru katalizatorów umożliwiających termiczne przyśpieszenie opisywanych procesów. Przedstawiono metody charakteryzacji nanorurek węglowych oraz służące ich oczyszczaniu. W tej części pracy przedstawiono także metody mogące służyć diagnostyce nanorurek węglowych. W kolejnym rozdziale są zawarte informacje dotyczące funkcjonalizacji nanorurek węglowych. Dodatkowo, zostały zawarte przykładowe testy podłoży uzyskanych w badaniach, mogących służyć do otrzymywania elektrod superkondensatorów.

EN

The dissertation discusses selected topics related to the thermal processes of carbon nanotubes synthesis at atmospheric pressure reactors. The first part presents basics of the synthesis, growth and most popular targeting of carbon nanotubes including application in various industries. This part also provides an overview of a few selected synthesis methods including the arc method, which was the first step in the author’s researches and allowed him to gain the necessary experience. The second part consists of six chapters, which state the main section of this dissertation. The third chapter describes the newly developed and built reactors for the synthesis of CNTs by electrothermal methods at atmospheric pressure. The author made a large contribution to the development of the mentioned reactors. This chapter also contains descriptions of the construction of reactors, descriptions of the thermodynamic process, thermal chamber reaction calculations and analysis of selected reagents. Author focused in his work mainly on resistive heating reactors and those using microwave plasma. The reactor for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes on a moving substrate is also presented in the end of this section. Next chapters contain results of research on CNTs synthesis and the analysis of these results. The fourth chapter presents results of tests carried out in innovatory synthesis system of carbon nanotubes in the vapour space. The microwave plasma was used as a source of energy required to activate the catalyst, as well as for the carbon nanotubes synthesis. This process occurs in the gas space. The next chapter contains synthesis results and deposition of carbon nanotubes on different substrates made of: silicon, steel foil (stainless steel), non-conductive surfaces of electrical current (textiles). The separate sections describe the possibility of applying additional external factors affecting the thermal dynamics of the CNTs synthesis. The author also analyzes the effects of water and hydrogen on the effectiveness of the process. The further part of this dissertation contains a synthetic description of appropriate substrate and the way of preparation for the application of carbon nanotubes. The next part of this work is a compendium of catalysts selection, which allows thermal acceleration of described processes. In this section, author presents ways of purifying of CNTs used during his research, as well as the ways of making characteristics and diagnostics of carbon nanotubes. The last section provides information about functionalization of carbon nanotubes. It additionally includes sample tests obtained in research of substrates, which can be used to obtain supercapacitors electrodes.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

nanorurki węglowe; synteza elektrotermiczna; synteza nanorurek; CNTs

EN

carbon nanotube; electrothermal synthesis; nanotubes synthesis; CNTs

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe. Rozprawy Naukowe / Politechnika Łódzka
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: Z. 452
• Strony: 1--169
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 377 poz., il. kolor., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Szymański Ł

• Instytut Mechatroniki i Systemów Informatycznych Politechniki Łódzkiej

Bibliografia

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