On transport and deposition of aerosol particles in the human breathing system - selected problems

Moskal, A.

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

On transport and deposition of aerosol particles in the human breathing system - selected problems

Autorzy

Moskal A.

Identyfikatory

Warianty tytułu

Transport i depozycja cząstek aerozolowych w układzie oddechowym człowieka - wybrane aspekty

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Transport and deposition of aerosol particles in the human breathing system is one of the most important processes, which may affect human health from hazardous and therapeutic point of view. A description of the process is extremely difficult due to its multi-parametrical character. The strict medical knowledge about anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of breathing as well as the engineering knowledge about the fluid flow and aerosol mechanics are needed for comprehensive understanding of the process. Due to the lack of the precise data obtained from in vivo measurements performed on living patients, the in vitro and in silica modeling become an interesting alternative as a source of the information. The aim of this work is a critical analysis of existing techniques and approaches for modeling and an attempt to eliminate their major limitations. The additional goal is to examine the airflow aspects of the process neglected in a main stream of publications which are : unsteadiness of the airflow through breathing cycle, influence of the health conditions on the airflow and aerosol deposition, and influence of the aerosol aggregates geometry on their deposition in the breathing system. For this purpose, first the brief description of the breathing system is provided and the main geometrical models of the system are reviewed. Information about physiology and pathophysiology of the breathing system are presented for better understanding of the background of the process. In the next step, the fundamental approach to modeling of the airflow mechanics is presented, with special focus on the turbulence models. The results of the in silica simulation of the flow in selected sub-elements of the breathing system are presented and discussed. Then, the background of aerosol dynamics is reviewed. Existing models of aerosol aggregates dynamics are discussed. New model, based on the rigid body mechanics approach, was evolved by the author. Finally, the results of the in silica and in vitro modeling of the process of aerosol transport and deposition in selected sub-elements of the human breathing system proving the author's theses are presented and discussed.

Transport i depozycja cząstek aerozolowych w układzie oddechowym człowieka są jednymi z ważniejszych zagadnień, mogącymi wpłynąć na stan zdrowia zarówno z punktu widzenia zagrożeń toksykologicznych, jak i możliwości terapeutycznych opisywanych procesów. Opis procesu jest niezmiernie trudny ze względu na jego wieloparametryczny charakter. Wiedza medyczna, obejmująca anatomię, fizjologię i patofizjologię oddychania, na równi z wiedzą z zakresu mechaniki płynów i mechaniki układów rozproszonych jest potrzebna do pełnego zrozumienia procesu. Ze względu na brak szczegółowych danych otrzymanych z badań przeprowadzonych na żywych pacjentach (in vivo), badania in vitro i in silica stają się obiecującymi równoważnymi źródłami informacji o procesie. Celem pracy jest krytyczna analiza istniejących technik i podejść do modelowania procesu. Dodatkowym celem pracy jest uwypuklenie pewnych aspektów procesowych dotyczących transportu i depozycji cząstek aerozolowych w drogach oddechowych człowieka, pomijanych w głównym nurcie publikacji naukowych na ten temat, tj.: zmienności przepływu powietrza podczas cyklu oddechowego, wpływu stanu zdrowia na przepływ aerozolu oraz wpływu geometrii agregatów aerozolowych na ich transport i depozycję w układzie oddechowym. W tym celu w pierwszych rozdziałach pracy przedstawiono krótki zbiorczy opis anatomii układu oddechowego wraz z opisem fizjologii i patofizjologii oddychania. W następnych rozdziałach omówiono podstawy teoretyczne modelowania przepływu powietrza w drogach oddechowych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem modeli burzliwości. Przedstawiono i przedyskutowano wyniki modelowania in silica przepływu w wybranych elementach układu oddechowego. Następnie zebrano i zaprezentowano podstawy mechaniki aerozoli. Przedstawiono przegląd istniejących modeli agregatów aerozolowych i zaprezentowano nowy model bazujący na mechanice bryły sztywnej, wyprowadzony przez autora rozprawy. W rozdziale ostatnim zebrano i przedstawiono wyniki modelowania in silica i in vitro procesu transportu i depozycji cząstek aerozolowych w układzie oddechowym człowieka.

Słowa kluczowe

deposition aerosol transport human breathing system

depozycja aerozol transport układ oddechowy człowieka

Wydawca

Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej

Czasopismo

Prace Wydziału Inżynierii Chemicznej i Procesowej Politechniki Warszawskiej

Rocznik

2010

Tom

Vol. 34, z. 1

Strony

3--215

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 406 poz., tab., rys., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Moskal A.

Chair of Engineering of the Inegrated Processes

Bibliografia

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