Rola budowy chemicznej i warunków procesu wytwarzania w kształtowaniu morfologii oraz właściwości materiałów poliuretanowych

Ryszkowska, J.

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

Rola budowy chemicznej i warunków procesu wytwarzania w kształtowaniu morfologii oraz właściwości materiałów poliuretanowych

Autorzy

Ryszkowska J.

Identyfikatory

Warianty tytułu

The role of chemical structure and production process in morphology formation and polyurethanes materials properties

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Przedmiotem badań był wpływ budowy chemicznej i struktury nadcząsteczkowej materiałów poliuretanowych na ich właściwości fizyczne. Analizowano materiały poliuretanowe wytworzone z różnych substratów : polioli (poli(adypinianu etylenu), polikaprolaktonu, polibutadienu), izocyjanianów (aromatycznych i cykloalifatycznych) oraz środków przedłużających (o funkcyjności dwa i trzy). Strukturę nadcząsteczkową poliuretanów modyfikowano przez wprowadzenie nanonapełniaczy, stosując w tym celu : wielościenne nanorurki węglowe i tlenek cyrkonu domieszkowany europem. Materiały poliuretanowe wytworzono z zastosowaniem różnych metod syntezy (jedno- i dwuetapowej), przy wykorzystaniu zmiennych parametrów procesu przygotowania surowców i prepolimerów. Stosowano różne parametry procesu przedłużania makrocząsteczek oraz sezonowania uzyskanych materiałów. W procesie syntezy wykorzystywano konwencjonalny system ogrzewania i wygrzewanie w polu mikrofal. Większość opisanych w rozprawie grup materiałów poliuretanowych wytworzono po raz pierwszy z użyciem zastosowanych substratów i/lub metody ich wytwarzania. W pracy podano wyniki analizy wpływu zmian średnicy i udziału objętościowego aglomeratów domen twardych na właściwości materiałów poliuretanowych. Morfologię materiałów przeznaczonych do różnych zastosowań kształtowano, zmieniając budowę chemiczną, wprowadzając nanonapełniacze i zmieniając parametry procesu wytwarzania. Przeprowadzono analizę ilościową obrazów przekrojów poliuretanów oraz analizę ilościową oddziaływań wodorowych pomiędzy segmentami ich makrocząsteczek. Zweryfikowano, zaproponowane w ramach pracy, procedury analizy morfologii materiałów poliuretanowych oraz potwierdzono ich przydatność do opisu cech aglomeratów domen twardych. Uzyskane wyniki eksperymentalne, omówione na podstawie danych literaturowych, posłużyły do zweryfikowania tezy, że na właściwości materiałów poliuretanowych - poza podstawowymi elementami mikrostruktury - w znaczący sposób wpływa średnica i udział objętościowy aglomeratów domen twardych powstających w tych materiałach w trakcie procesu separacji fazowej. Z przeprowadzonej analizy struktury nadcząsteczkowej materiałów poliuretanowych wynika, że aglomeraty domen wpływają na właściwości mechaniczne tych materiałów podobnie jak napełniacze słabo związane z osnową na właściwości kompozytów polimerowych. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy ilości i wymiarów aglomeratów domen twardych oraz właściwości zbadanych materiałów poliuretanowych stwierdzono, że ich duża biozgodność oraz przeświecalność związane były z procesem inwersji faz. Stwierdzono też, że wpływ nanonapełniacza na właściwości materiałów poliuretanowych jest wynikiem zmian poziomu oddziaływań wodorowych pomiędzy segmentami makrocząsteczek poliuretanów, spowodowany wprowadzeniem nanonapełniaczy.

The subject of the research work was the influence of the chemical constitution and supermolecular structure of polyurethane materials on their physical properties. Polyurethanes fabricated from various substrates were analyzed - polyols (ethylene polyadipate, polycaprolactam, polybutadiene), isocyanates (aromatic and cycloaliphatic), as well as elongating agents (with functionality of 2 and 3). The supermolecular structure of polyurethanes was modified through the introduction of nanofillers with the use of multiwall carbon nanotubes and zirconium oxide including europium. The polyurethanes were producing using various synthesis methods (1- and 2-stage) with different parameters applied to the preparation process of raw materials and prepolymers. Different parameters were used for elongation process of macromolecules and seasoning of the obtained materials. In the synthesis process, a conventional system was used for heating and warming up in microvawe field. Most of the polyurethane groups described in the work were fabrictaed for the first time with the use of applied substrates and/or their manufacturing method. The monograph included analysis results of the influence of change in the diametere and volume share of hard domain agglomerates on the properties of polyurethanes. The morphology of materials intended for various applications was formed through the change in chemical constitution, introduction of nanofillers and change in parameters of the production process. The quantitative analysis was carried out of the cross-section images of polyurethanes along with qualitative analysis of hydrogen interactions between the segments of their chains. The procedures proposed in the study concerning morphology analysis of polyurethanes were verified and their usability in the description of features of hard domain agglomerates was determined. The obtained experimental results, described on the basis of literature data, helped to verify a thesis that the properties of polyurethanes are, beside fundamental elements of microstructure, considerably affected by the diameter and volume share of agglomerates of hard domains formed in these materials in the process of phase separation. As results from the performed analysis of supermolecular structure of polyurethane materials, agglomerates of hard domains affect mechanical properties of materials in a similar way as fillers, poorly connected with matrix, influence the properties of polymer composites. The conducted analyses of the number and size of hard domain agglomerates and the properties of analyzed polyurethane materials permitted to state that their high biocompatibility and transparency were connected with the process of phase inversion. It was also stated that the influence of nanofiller on the properties of polyurethane materials is the result of changes in the level of hydrogen interactions between polyurethane chain segments caused by the introduction of fillers.

Słowa kluczowe

materiały poliuretanowe struktura nadcząsteczkowa poliuretanów aglomerat domeny twardej właściwości materiałów poliuretanowych

polyurethane materials supermolecular structure of polyurethanes hard domain agglomerates properties of polyurethane materials

Wydawca

Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej

Czasopismo

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Inżynieria Materiałowa

Rocznik

2011

Tom

z. 28

Strony

3--189

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 593 poz., tab., rys., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Ryszkowska J.

Wydział Inżynierii Materiałowej

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