Rola mikrostruktury w kształtowaniu właściwości inteligentnych kompozytów magnetoreologicznych

• Autorzy: Boczkowska A.

Warianty tytułu

EN

The role of microstructure in property formation of intelligent magnetorheological composites

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Praca dotyczy nowej grupy materiałów inteligentnych, jakimi są magnetoreologiczne kompozyty elastomerowe (MRE), złożone z ferromagnetycznych cząstek rozmieszczonych w elastomerowej osnowie. O ich atrakcyjności decyduje odwracalna zmiana właściwości i wymiarów pod wpływem pola magnetycznego, dzięki czemu mogą one znaleźć zastosowanie jako elementy tłumiące drgania, czujniki lub aktuatory. W literaturze nie ma pełnej zgodności co do wpływu poszczególnych składników kompozytu na właściwości MRE. Dlatego podjęto badania własne mające na celu szczegółowy opis roli mikrostruktury w kształtowaniu właściwości użytkowych kompozytów magnetoreologicznych. Przeprowadzono badania nad otrzymywaniem MRE, stosując różne elastomery jako osnowę, cząstki ferromagnetyczne o różnym kształcie i rozmiarach, a także promotor adhezji. Wykonano próbki MRE o izotropowym rozmieszczeniu cząstek i ukierunkowanym w polu magnetycznym, przy czym szczególną uwagę zwrócono na ukierunkowanie łańcuchów cząstek pod różnymi kątami. Przeprowadzono także badania wpływu cząstek na budowę elastomeru, stosując analizę termiczną, spektroskopię w podczerwieni i mikroanalizę ramanowską. Wykorzystując metodę elastooptyczną, cyfrową korelację obrazu i metodę elementów skończonych, określono stan naprężeń i odkształceń w osnowie między modelowymi dipolami. Scharakteryzowano dynamikę procesów relaksacyjnych zachodzących w osnowie elastomerowej pod wpływem oddziaływań między cząstkami w polu magnetycznym, wykorzystując nowatorską metodę XPCS opartą na promieniowaniu synchrotronowym. Zbadano mikrostrukturę wytwarzanych MRE, stosując mikroskopię świetlną i skaningową elektronową, a do ilościowej oceny stopnia anizotropii mikrostruktury zastosowano analizę obrazu. W celu określenia anizotropii magnetycznej i strukturalnej MRE przeprowadzono badania właściwości magnetycznych. Wykonano w szerokim zakresie charakterystykę właściwości mechanicznych opracowanych MRE. Wyznaczono bezwzględny i względny efekt magnetoreologiczny, analizując wpływ mikrostruktury kształtowanej na etapie wytwarzania MRE przez różne natężenie pola magnetycznego, zawartość, rozmiary i ukierunkowanie cząstek, zastosowanie promotorów adhezji i osnowy o różnej sztywności. Na podstawie badań stwierdzono, że przy tym samym udziale objętościowym cząstek, MRE o anizotropowej mikrostrukturze, kształtowanej na etapie wytwarzania w polu magnetycznym, charakteryzują się znacznie większym efektem magnetoreologicznym niż MRE o izotropowym rozmieszczeniu cząstek. Po raz pierwszy stwierdzono nieliniową zmianę właściwości reologicznych w funkcji udziału cząstek, co jest wynikiem anizotropii strukturalnej i magnetycznej, która ma najistotniejszy wpływ na zmianę właściwości MRE w polu magnetycznym, czyli efekt magnetoreologiczny. Ponadto stwierdzono, że efektem magnetoreologicznym można sterować przez zmianę kierunku ułożenia łańcuchów cząstek względem kierunku działania pola. Oznacza to, że do uzyskania odpowiednio dużego efektu magnetoreologicznego nie jest konieczne wprowadzenie dużej ilości cząstek, a należy wytworzyć odpowiednią mikrostrukturę, co można uzyskać przy znacznie mniejszym udziale objętościowym cząstek. Ma to korzystny wpływ na zmniejszenie masy konstrukcji urządzeń z zastosowaniem MRE. W wyniku badań własnych opracowano nowe elastomery magnetoreologiczne, o możliwościach aplikacyjnych, charakteryzujące się niezwykle dużym efektem magnetoreologicznym.

EN

The study is devoted to a new group of intelligent materials, such as magnetorheological elastomer composites (MREs), composed of ferromagnctic particles embedded in an elastomer matrix. They exhibit reversible changes of properties and shape under magnetic field, which makes them attractive for application as dampers, sensors or actuators. They are not fully described in literature; especially the effect of the component type and form on the composites properties is not fully known and understood. Therefore, within this work, studies of describing the role of microstructure in the property formation of magnetorheological composites were undertaken. Studies on fabrication of MREs were carried out using different elastomers as a matrix, ferromagnetic particles of various shapes and sizes, and coupling agents. Samples with isotropic and anisotropic particles arrangement were examined. Particles were oriented into chains under external magnetic field. Special attention was paid to fabrication of samples with different orientation of chains to the magnetic field direction. The influence of particles content on the elastomer properties was studied using thermal analysis, infrared and Raman spectroscopies. Distribution of stress and strain in the elastomer matrix between two macro dipoles was studied using photoelastic, digital image correlation and finite elements methods. Dynamics of relaxation in the elastomer matrix. influenced by the particles interactions with the magnetic field, was examined with a novel XPCS method based on synchrotron radiation. The MREs microstructure was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Quantitative description of the degree of anisotropy has been performed with computer image analysis. Structural and magnetic anisotropy of MREs was derived from the magnetic studies. Mechanical properties of MREs were also characterized in a broad range. Absolute and relative magnetorheological effects were calculated taking into account the microstructure, which was formed in the course of MREs fabrication, by changing the magnetic field strength, particles volume fraction, shape, arrangement and application of coupling agents. As a result of the studies, it has been found that MREs with an anisotropic microstructure exhibit, for the same particles content, much higher magnetorheological effect in comparison to the isotropic ones. For the first time, the non-linear change of the rheological properties versus particles fraction has been found. It is due to structural and magnetic anisotropy of MREs, which has the greatest influence on changes of the properties under magnetic field, i.e. magnetorheological effect. Moreover, it was found that the magnetorheological effect can be controlled by the particles alignment to the magnetic field lines. It means that it is possible to obtain high magnetorheological effect not by increasing the particles volume fraction, but by the formation of appropriate microstructure. It can be achieved for Iower particles volume fraction, which advantageously decreases weight of devices based on MREs. As a result of this work, new MREs, with application capabilities, characterized by extremely high magnetorheological effect, have been obtained.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

magnetoreologiczne elastomery; kompozyty; cząstki ferromagnetyczne; poliuretany; właściwości reologiczne; efekt magnetoreologiczny; mikrostruktura

EN

magnetorheological elastomers; composites; ferromagnetic particles; polyurethanes; rheological properties; magnetorheological effects; microstructure

• Wydawca: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej
• Czasopismo: Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Inżynieria Materiałowa
• Rocznik: 2011
• Tom: z. 27
• Strony: 3--171
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 274 poz., tab., rys., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Boczkowska A.

• Wydział Inżynierii Materiałowej, Politechnika Warszawska

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