Mikrostrukturalne uwarunkowania właściwości mechanicznych nanokrystalicznych metali

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Tytuł artykułu

Mikrostrukturalne uwarunkowania właściwości mechanicznych nanokrystalicznych metali

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Pakieła Z.

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Warianty tytułu

Microstructural factors affecting mechanical properties of nanocrystalline metals

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

W pracy scharakteryzowano właściwości mechaniczne materiałów nanokrystalicznych (MNK). Charakterystyki tej dokonano na podstawie analizy danych literaturowych oraz wyników badań własnych autora. Przeprowadzono analizę definicji tej grupy materiałów. Zaproponowano użycie dominującego mechnizmu odkształcenia jako kryterium podziału na charakterystyczne podgrupy oraz dokonano podziału na podgrupy. Zanalizowano charakterystyczne wymiary i odległości w strukturze materiałów z uwzględnieniem ich wpływu na właściwości mechaniczne. Dokonano krótkiego przeglądu metod wytwrzania nanokrystalicznych metali, z uwzględnieniem charakterystycznych cech mikrostruktury i właściowści tych materiałów wytwarzanych różnymi metodami. Opisano podstawowe mechanizmy odkształcenia, uwzględniając specyfikę ich działania w nanokrystalicznych metalach. Omówiono wpływ nanostruktury na takie właściwości mechaniczne MNK, jak moduł sprężystości, ciągliwość, naprężenie uplastyczniające, wytrzymałość na rozciąganie i ściskanie, odporność na pękanie oraz wytrzymałość zmęczeniowa. Zaproponowano sposoby modyfikacji struktury MNK mające na celu podwyższenie ich wytrzymałości, ciągliwości oraz odporności na pękanie. Do najbardziej obiecujących metod zaliczono: modyfikację struktury granic ziaren poprzez domieszkowanie materiału lub duże odkształcenie plastyczne i obróbkę cieplną; tworzenie struktur hybrydowych; zwiększanie zdolności materiałów do generacji dyslokacji i do bliźniakowania mechanicznego poprzez takie ich domieszkowanie, które spowoduje obniżenie niestabilnej energii błędu ułożenia i niestabilnej energii bliźniakowania. Opisano praktyczne znaczenie właściowści mechanicznych MNK i przedstawiono prognozy zastosowań tych materiałów na elementy miniaturowych urządzeń elektromechanicznych (MEMS), na silnie obciążone elementy większych konstrukcji oraz jako warstw wierzchnich w urzadzeniach pracujących w warunakch dużych obciążeń mechanicznych.

The paper delas with mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials (MNK) with special consideration of bulk nanocrystalline metals. The study is based on literature reports and the author's own experiments. The definition of MNK was analyzed. It was suggested to use the dominating deformation mechanisms as a criterion of materials classification and a division into subgroups was made. Characteristic microstructure sizes and distances in the structure of material with consideration of their influence on mechnical properties were analyzed. A short review of methods of MNK processing was presented. Characteristic features of microstructure and properties of the materials produced with various methods were shown. Fundamental deformation mechanisms were described with special attention to characteristic features of MNK deformation. Influence of nanostructure on mechanical properties was described, i.e. on modulus od elesticity, ductility, yield stress, tensile and compression strenght, fracture toughness and fatigue strenght. Methods of structure modification to achieve improvement the most promissing methods: modification of grain boundaries structure by means of materials alloying or by severe plastic deformation connected with heat treatment of the materials; productions of hybrid microstructures; improvement of the materials' ability of dislocations emission and mechanical twinning by alloying causing so that unstable stacking fault energy and unstable twinning energy decreases. Practical impact of the mechanical properties of MNK was described and applications of the materials for Microelectromechnical Systems (MEMS), reliable elements of bigger structures and surface layer of devices working under heavy loads were suggested.

Słowa kluczowe

nanokrystaliczne metale mikrostruktura właściwości mechaniczne mechanizmy odkształcenia

nanocrystalline metals microstructure mechanical properties deformation mechanisms

Wydawca

Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej

Czasopismo

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Inżynieria Materiałowa

Rocznik

2008

Tom

z. 21

Strony

1--132

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 649 poz., tab., rys., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Pakieła Z.

Wydział Inżynierii Materiałowej, Politechnika Warszawska

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