Interfaces in fibre reinforced composites: micromechanical properties and their effect on the composite behaviour

• Autorzy: Janczak-Rush J.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Warstewki graniczne w kompozytach wzmocnionych włóknami: właściwości mikromechaniczne i ich wpływ na jakość kompozytów

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The main focus of the work is the characterisation and description of the properties of the fibre-matrix interface in continuous fibre reinforced composite materials. A unique in-situ Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Push-out technique for the measurement of micromechanical properties of the fibre-matrix interface was developed. It combines the materials analysis capabilities of SEM with a high resolution loading and measurement capability and presents the advantage of the possibility of observing the mechanisms of interfacial failure behaviour. The proposed method uses thin sections of real composites and allows the study of the effect of composite processing and of the service conditions on the micromechanical properties of the fibre-matrix interface and therefore on the overall composite behaviour. Temperature dependent interfacial properties (debonding and frictional sliding characteristics) of nearly all kind of long fibre composite materiais can be measured in a reliable way. Additionally, a special test configuration was evaluated to observe the crack propagation during the push-out process. As experimentally proved in this work, it allows in particular to differentiate between the top-to-bottom debonding (assumed in most analytical models) and the bottom-to-top debonding also taking place in some composite materials. An energy based model valid for both debonding model (top-to-bottom and bottom-to-top) was presented. With this model, the intrinsic interfacial properties (interfacial fracture energy, fibre-matrix sliding stress, friction coefficient and residual stresses) can be determined from the load-displacement characteristics measured in the push-out test. The successful use of the SEM Push-out method for the characterisation and optimisation of the fibre-matrix interfaces in various composites encompassing metal-, ceramic- and polymer-matrix composites, is demonstrated on different case studies. In particular the author estimated temperature dependent mechanical characteristics of interfaces in the following composites: SiC(Nicalon@NL207)/AI, Alz03(Saphikon)/AI, SiC(SCS-6 or DRA Sigma1240)/Ti6AI4V, SiC(Nicalon@)/borosilicate glass, SiC(Nicalon@)/CAS, GF/PET, which are mostly lacking in The main focus of the work is the characterisation and description of the properties of the fibre-matrix interface in continous fibre reinforced composite materials literature but are urgently needed by composite engineers materials. The interrelationship between the micromechanical interfacial properties and the macroscopic composite properties was studied for the investigated composites. Different issues in composite design and optimisation as for example the selection of main composite components (fibre, matrix), the use of interlayers, are described in the light of the interfacial properties. The work underlines the need to consider the fibre-matrix interface as a third (besides fibre and matrix) composite component.

PL

W pracy podjęto zagadnienie pomiaru i opisu własności mikromechanicznych warstwy granicznej włókno-osnowa w kompozytach wzmocnionych włóknami ciągłymi. W tym celu została opracowana inowacyjna metoda badania przyczepności włókien do osnowy polegająca na wypychaniu (push-out) włókien elementarnych z osnowy przy wykorzystaniu mikroskopu skaningowego (SEM). Dzięki zastosowaniu mikroskopu skaningowego metodą tą mogą być badane również kompozyty z włóknami o małej średnicy ( 5 11m). Metoda pozwala na obserwacje zjawisk towarzyszących procesowi dekohezji włókna niezbędną dla poprawnej analizy wyników pomiarowych i zrozumienia korelacji między własnościami warstwy granicznej a zachowaniem się kompozytu. W odróżnieniu od innych metod pomiarowych (np. test "pull-out"), metoda ta pracuje przy wykorzystaniu kompozytów rzeczywistych o dowolnej osnowie i uwzględnia szeroki zakres temperatury pomiaru (23-1200°C). W uzupełnieniu do standardowej wersji testu, została opracowana specjalna technika pozwalająca na obserwacje kierunku rozprzestrzeniania się pęknięcia podczas procesu dekohezji na granicy rozdziału włókno-osnowa. Pozwala ona rozróżnić między dekohezją zachodzącą od górnej, obciążonej strony próbki ("top-to-bottom debonding"), leżącej u podstaw większość modeli analitycznych, od dekohezji przebiegającej w przeciwnym kierunku ("bottom-to-top debonding"). Bazując na poczynionych obserwacjach, przedstawiony został model energetyczny pozwalający na wyznaczenie własności mikromechanicznych warstwy granicznej włókno-osnowa, wsółczynnika tarcia, naprężenia resztkowego, niezależnie od kierunku rozęcia dekahezyjnego. Podano przykłady skutecznegoozastasawania metady SEM push-out dla warstwy granicznej włókno-osnowa w kompozytach o różnej osnowie (metapolimerowa). Autorka, w szczególności skupiła się na określeniu charakterystyk mechanicznych warstwy granicznej w kompozytach takich, jak: AIP3w! (Saphikan)/AI, SiCw! (SCS-6 i DRA Sigma1240)fTi6AI4V, barokrzemianowe, SiCw!(Nicalan@)/CAS, GFwIIPET, które do tej pory ;kramnym wymiarze. Na wybranych przykładach został opisany wpływ wyników eksploatacji kompozytu na tego typu charakterystyki. Poruszone ia projektowania i optymalizacji kompozytów jak na przykład dobór wych (włókna-osnowa), czy zastasowanie warstw pośrednich. Praca V granicznej jaka trzeciego - obok osnowy i włókna - kampanentu go', którego własności muszą być uwzględniane przy projektowaniu wa (energia pękania, współczynnik tarcia, naprężenia resztkowe) niezależnie od kierunku rozprzestrzeniania się pęknięcia dekahezyjnego. W pracy zaprezentawano przykłady skutecznego zastasowania metody SEM push-aut dla opisu zachowania warstwy granicznej włókna-osnowa w kampozytach o różnej osnowie (metalowa, ceramiczna oraz polimerowa). Autorka, w szczególności skupiła się na określeniu temperaturowych zależności charakterystyk mechanicznych warstwy granicznej w kampazytach takich jak: SiCw!(Nicalan@)/AI, AIP3w! (Saphikan)/Al, SiCw! (SCS-6 i DRA Sigma1240)ffi6AI4V, SiCw! (Nicalan@)/szkła barokrzemianawe, SiCw!(Nicalan@)/CAS, GFwl/PET, które da tej pory w literaturze istniały w skromnym wymiarze. Na wybranych przykładach został opisany wpływ procesu produkcji i warunków eksploatacji kompozytu na tego typu charakterystyki. Poruszone zostały różne zagadnienia projektowania i aptymalizacji kompozytów jak na przykład dobór komponentów podstawowych (włókna, osnowa), czy zastosowanie warstw pośrednich. Praca uwidacznia rolę warstwy granicznej jako trzeciego - obok osnowy i włókna - komponentu materiału kompozytowego, którego własności muszą być uwzględnione przy projektowaniu kompozytu.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

composite materials; interface; push-out test

PL

kompozyty; włókna ciągłe; właściwości mikromechaniczne

• Wydawca: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej
• Czasopismo: Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Inżynieria Materiałowa
• Rocznik: 2007
• Tom: z. 20
• Strony: 3--95
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 170 poz., rys., wykr., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Janczak-Rush J.

• EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research

Bibliografia

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