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Rola polimerów w kształtowaniu właściwości spoiw i kompozytów polimerowo-cementowych

Autorzy
Łukowski P.
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
EN
Role of polymers in forming of properties of polymer-cement binders and composites
Języki publikacji
PL
Abstrakty
PL
Przedmiotem pracy są spoiwa polimerowo-cementowe, stanowiące matrycę zapraw i betonów PCC (ang. polymer-cement concrete). Kompozyty polimerowo-cementowe przewyższają zwykłe betony i zaprawy cementowe pod względem takich cech, jak wytrzymałość na zginanie i rozciąganie, przyczepność do różnych podłoży i odporność na niektóre czynniki zewnętrzne. Podstawowe zależności dotyczące materiałów polimerowo-cementowych przedstawiono w układzie: składniki-struktura-właściwości-zastosowanie. Takie ujęcie miało na celu uporządkowanie prezentowanego w pracy stanu wiedzy w zakresie spoiw polimerowo-cementowych i otrzymywanych z ich udziałem tworzyw; wiele spośród omawianych zagadnień zostało przedstawionych na podstawie wyników badań prowadzonych przez autora, w tym we współpracy z ośrodkami zagranicznymi. Analiza stanu wiedzy stanowiła punkt wyjścia opracowania przez autora rozwiązań następujących, dotychczas nierozstrzygniętych zagadnień: " problemu progu ciągłości fazy polimerowej w spoiwie polimerowo-cementowym, - kształtowania się mikrostruktury PCC w przypadku modyfikatorów typu post-mix, - wpływu warunków dojrzewania na właściwości tworzywa polimerowo-cementowego, - modelu materiałowego PCC (zależność skład - właściwości), - ilościowej oceny wpływu na właściwości kompozytu poszczególnych składników spoiwa polimerowo-cementowego oraz ich współdziałania, tj. efektów synergicznych, - zastosowania modelu materiałowego do projektowania składu i oceny użyteczności PCC, potwierdzonego uzyskaniem zaprawy polimerowo-cementowej o bardzo wysokiej przyczep ności do podłoża. Podstawowym problemem naukowym, związanym z materiałami PCC, jest minimalna zawartość polimeru, przy której tworzy on w twardniejącej matrycy ciągłą błonkę. Jest to zarazem próg racjonalności ekonomicznej modyfikacji betonu polimerami. Najczęściej przyjmuje się, w ujęciu normowym, że próg ten wynosi 5% polimeru w stosunku do masy cementu. W pracy dokonano weryfikacji progu ciągłości na podstawie analizy danych eksperymentalnych oraz uzasadniono jego wartość na podstawie obliczeń i symulacji komputerowych, przeprowadzonych z wykorzystaniem teorii perkolacji.Przedstawiono opracowany przez autora model formowania mikrostruktury kompozytu z modyfikatorem typu post-mix (polimeryzującym po dodaniu do mieszanki betonowe)) na przy-kładzie kompozytu epoksydowo-cementowego. Model ten jest komplementarny w stosunku do niedawno opracowanego przez międzynarodowy zespół ekspertów (A. Beeldens, L. Czarnecki. Y. Ohama, H. Schom, D. Van Gemert), zintegrowanego modelu dotyczącego kompozytów z modyfikatorami typu pre-mix (spolimeryzowanymi przed dodaniem do mieszanki betonowej). Wykazano, że cechy kompozytów polimerowo-cementowych zależą w znacznym stopniu od warunków dojrzewania. Badania przeprowadzone przez autora pozwoliły na dobór metody pielęgnacji, która zapewnia uzyskanie możliwie najlepszych właściwości PCC. Opracowano statystyczno-eksperymentalny model materiałowy (zależność skład-właściwości) kompozytu polimerowo-cementowego i przeanalizowano istotność statystyczną jego elementów. W ten sposób oceniono ilościowo udział poszczególnych składników spoiwu polimerowo-cementowego w kształtowaniu właściwości kompozytu, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem efektów synergicznych - współdziałania składników spoiwa. Przeprowadzono krytyczną analizę znanych metod projektowania materiałowego i oceny przydatności kompozytów polimerowo-cementowych, w tym rozwiniętą przez autora metodę uogólnionej użyteczności materiałowej. Postawiono tezę, iż możliwe jest wnioskowanie o wpływie dodatku polimeru na właściwości kompozytu na podstawie zawartości i rodzaju polimeru, a zatem możliwe jest racjonalne projektowanie materiałowe kompozytów polimerowo cementowych. Tezę tę udowodniono, wykorzystując opracowany model materiałowy do zaprojektowania zaprawy polimerowo-cementowej o wysokiej przyczepności do podłoża betonowego i korzystnych wartościach innych cech technicznych; uzyskany kompozyt stanowi zapowiedź materiałów nowej generacji, przeznaczonych do napraw betonów wysokiej i bardzo wysokiej wytrzymałości.
EN
The subject of the study are polymer-cement binders as the matrix for polymer-cement concretes and mortars (PCC). The polymer-cement composites are superior to ordinary concretes and mortars in terms of flexural and tensile strength, adhesion to various substrates and resistance to some external factors. The basic relations involved with polymer-cement materials are presented in the logical sequence: components - structure - properties - using. The aim of this approach was to organise the presented state-of-the-art knowledge in the range of polymer-cement binders and polymer-cement composites; many of the discussed problems have been presented on the basis of the results of the author's own research, also in international collaboration. The analysis of the status of knowledge was the entry point for the author's development of the solutions to the following, not yet resolved, problems: - continuity threshold of the polymer phase in the polymer-cement binder, - forming of microstructure of PCC when modified with a post-mix polymer, - influence of curing conditions on the properties of polymer-cement materials, - material model of PCC (composition-properties relationship), - quantitative evaluation of the effect of particular components and their co-operation, i.e. synergic effects on the properties of polymer-cement composite, - application of material model for designing of composition and evaluation of usability of PCC, confirmed by obtaining a polymer-cement mortar of very high bond strength to the concrete substrate. The main scientific problem involved with PCC is the minimum content of polymer, necessary for creation of continuous film in the hardening matrix. This is also the threshold of economic rationality of the modification of concrete using polymers. It is often assumed - in the standard category - that the threshold is equal to 5% of polymer in relation to the Portland cement mass. The verification of the continuity threshold has been done in the presented study, based on the analysis of experimental data. The value of the threshold has been justified on the basis of computer calculations and simulations, using percolation theory. The model of formation of the composite microstructure with a post-mix modifier (polymerising after adding to the concrete mix), developed by the author, has been presented using epoxy-cement composite as an example. The model is complementary to the integrated model of composites with pre-mix modifiers (polymerised before adding to the concrete mix), recently developed by an international team of experts (A. Beeldens, L. Czarnecki, Y. Ohama, H. Schorn, D. Van Gemert). The influence of curing conditions on the properties of polymer-cement composites has been demonstrated. The research by the author has made it possible to select the curing conditions for obtaining the best possible properties of PCC. The statistical-experimental material model (composition-properties relationship) of polymer-cement composite has been developed. The statistical significance of its elements has been analysed. Thus, the share of the particular components of polymer-cement binder in the composite properties has been evaluated quantitatively, including the synergic effects - co-operation of the components of the binder. The known methods of material designing and usability evaluation of PCC have been analysed, using the method of overall desirability, developed by the author. A thesis has been formulated that it is possible to predict the modification effect on the basis of the content and type of the polymer. Therefore, rational material designing of polymer-cement composites is possible. The thesis has been justified by application of the developed material model for de~ signing a polymer-cement mortar with high adhesion to the concrete substrate and other favourable technical features; the obtained composite is the anticipation of repair materials of a new generation, addressed for repairing the high-strength and very high-strength concretes.
Słowa kluczowe
PL
EN
Wydawca
Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej
Czasopismo
Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Budownictwo
Rocznik
2008
Tom
z. 148
Strony
3--159
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 322 poz., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
Łukowski P.
  • Wydział Inżynierii Lądowej, Politechnika Warszawska
Bibliografia
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