Mikrobiologiczne procesy usuwania metali ze ścieków i szlamów galwanizerskich

Karwowska, E.

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

Mikrobiologiczne procesy usuwania metali ze ścieków i szlamów galwanizerskich

Autorzy

Karwowska E.

Identyfikatory

Warianty tytułu

Microbiological processes of metals removal from galvanic wastewater and sludge

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Przedmiotem niniejszej pracy było opracowanie mikrobiologicznej metody usuwania metali ciężkich ze ścieków i szlamów galwanizerskich za pomocą biosorpcji/bioługowania. Określono możliwość eliminacji wybranych metali ze ścieków galwanizerskich przy zastosowaniu biosorbentu w postaci nadmiernego osadu czynnego, uzyskując dla poszczególnych metali efektywność biosorp-cji na poziomie 60-99%. Skuteczność biotugowania metali zaadsorbowanych w osadzie zależała od rodzaju metalu. Zastosowanie czynników wspomagających, w postaci doszczepiania aktywną mikroflorą i wstępnego zakwaszania ługowanego osadu, pozwoliło na zwiększenie skuteczności bioługowania zaadsorbowanych metali odpowiednio o 30% i 100-500%. Przeprowadzono również proces usuwania metali ze szlamów pogalwanicznych, przy zastosowaniu bakterii auto- i heterotro-ficznych. Podjęto próbę zwiększenia efektywności procesu bioługowania przez modyfikację składu roztworów ługujących oraz adaptację mikroorganizmów uczestniczących w procesie, uzyskując 2-5-krotny wzrost ilości usuniętych metali. Zastosowana w pracy metoda pozwoliła na wyługowanie ze szlamu pogalwanicznego 45-100% takich metali, jak: miedź, ołów, cynk i chrom. Wykazano przydatność testów enzymatycznych oraz badań zawartości ATP do biologicznej kontroli procesu bioługowania metali ze szlamów. Identyfikacji aktywnych szczepów bakterii dokonano z wykorzystaniem techniki PCR. Na podstawie uzyskanych rezultatów badań skonstruowano prototypowy bioreaktor w skali ułamkowo-technicznej, który przetestowano z wykorzystaniem wybranych ścieków galwanizerskich.

The aim of this study was to research the microbiological method of heavy metals removal from galvanic wastewater and sludge by biosorption/bioleaching processes. The capability of heavy metals biosorption in activated sludge biomass was determined and the effectiveness of the process reached about 60-99%. The amounts of the leached metals depended on the type of metal. A significant improvement of the process was achieved by additional inoculation with active microorganisms and preliminary acidification of the bioleaching solution (the biolea-ching results were 30% and 100-500% higher respectively). Heavy metals removal from galvanic sludge was accomplished using autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms. A modification of the leaching solution content and preliminary adaptation of bioleaching bacteria allowed to increase the effectiveness of the process by 200-500%. Maximum amounts of copper, lead, zinc and chromium removed from galvanic sludge ranged from 45% to 100% for respective metals. Enzymatic tests and ATP content determination proved to be suitable controlling procedures for the heavy metals bioleaching process. Active bacterial strains were isolated and identified with the use of the PCR technique. The results obtained allowed to design and construct a prototype bioreactor for the biosorption/bioleaching process that was successfully tested on galvanic wastewater.

Słowa kluczowe

procesy mikrobiologiczne szlamy galwanizerskie ścieki metale ciężkie

microbiological processes galvanic wastewater sludge metals

Wydawca

Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej

Czasopismo

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Inżynieria Środowiska

Rocznik

2007

Tom

z. 51

Strony

3--139

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 270 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Karwowska E.

Instytut Systemów Inżynierii Środowiska, Wydział Inżynierii Środowiska, Politechnika Warszawska

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