Analiza i ocena technicznych sposobów zmniejszania skutków wypadków drogowych

Matyjewski, M.

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

Analiza i ocena technicznych sposobów zmniejszania skutków wypadków drogowych

Autorzy

Matyjewski M.

Identyfikatory

Warianty tytułu

Analysis and evaluation on technical means of reduction of consequences of road accidents

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

W pracy przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z poprawą bezpieczeństwa w ruchu drogowym, polegające na zmniejszaniu rozmiaru obrażeń odnoszonych w wypadkach drogowych. Omówiono pojęcia ryzyka i zagrożeń uczestników ruchu drogowego. Przedstawiono biomechanikę zderzeń oraz bazy danych o wypadkach drogowych. Szczegółowo przeanalizowano Elementy Pojazdu Zmniejszające Obrażenia (EPZO), ich proces opracowywania oraz skuteczność w ochronie uczestników ruchu drogowego. Przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych i symulacji komputerowych kierowcy oraz pasażera samochodu osobowego, pieszych, motocyklistów. Zaprezentowano cztery główne kierunki badań EPZO: ocenę bezpieczeństwa biernego pojazdów, opracowywanie metod badań EPZO, modelowanie ciała człowieka w zderzeniach oraz badania urządzeń zmniejszających obrażenia. Szczegółowo przedstawiono model matematyczny nogi przechodnia uderzanej z boku poniżej kolana. Model ten został opracowany i rozwiązany za pomocą programu symulacyjnego MADYMO. Porównanie wyników symulacji z rezultatami badań eksperymentalnych potwierdza, że siły dynamiczne w modelu są właściwie przenoszone przez staw kolanowy.

The paper discusses problems concerning traffic safety improvement relating to injury severity reduction of road accidents. Risk and hazard concepts for road users are introduced, followed by a description of biomechanics of injury and road traffic accident databases. Injury Reducing Vehicle Elements (IRVE), their development and protection effectiveness against injury for road users are investigated, followed by a presentation of results of experimental investigations and computer simulations of car occupants, pedestrians and motorcyclists. Four main areas of IRVE research are described: evaluation of passive safety of vehicles, development of IRVE investigation methods, human body modelling on impacts and investigation into injury reducing systems. A mathematical model of the pedestrian's leg in lateral impact below the knee is presented in more detail. The model is formulated and solved in MADYMO simulation software. Comparison of simulation results with experimental data confirms that dynamic forces in the model are properly transferred through the knee joint.

Słowa kluczowe

wypadki drogowe badania EPZO bezpieczeństwo w ruchu drogowym obrażenia

road accidents IRVE research traffic safety injury

Wydawca

Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej

Czasopismo

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Mechanika

Rocznik

2009

Tom

z. 225

Strony

3--144

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 169 poz. rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Matyjewski M.

Instytut Techniki Lotniczej i Mechaniki Stosowanej, mmatyjew@meil.pw.edu.pl

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