Mechaniczna dezintegracja komórek mikroorganizmów

• Autorzy: Solecki M.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Mechanical disintegration of microbial cells

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Zamieszczono krytyczną analizę modelowania matematycznego procesu dezintegracji komórek mikroorganizmów realizowanego w młynach perełkowych. Wykazano konieczność prowadzenia dalszych rozważań i badań celem dotarcia do natury zjawisk występujących podczas technologicznego uwalniania związków wewnątrzkomórkowych. Skuteczność prowadzonych tak ukierunkowanych działań może przyczynić się do osiągnięcia dalszego znaczącego postępu technicznego. Przedstawiono opracowaną teorię losowego przekształcania rozproszonych obiektów materialnych w ograniczonym ośrodku. Na jej podstawie zbudowano ogólny model fenomenologiczny oparty na cyrkulacji masy pomiędzy rodzajami objętości różniącymi się właściwościami. W modelu założono możliwości przekształcania materii w wyniku działania czynników fizycznych, chemicznych lub biologicznych w rozproszonych rodzinach objętości generowanych losowo, w przestrzeni ośrodka materialnego. Przedstawiono ogólny opis matematyczny przekształcania materii w postaci układu nieliniowych równań różniczkowych pierwszego rzędu. Podano obszary zastosowań teorii do badania, modelowania, optymalizacji lub zarządzania procesami w takich dziedzinach, jak technologia przemysłowa, ochrona środowiska, chemia, biologia, medycyna, weterynaria, higiena i rolnictwo. Wykazano możliwość analizowania fundamentalnych zjawisk i mechanizmów badanych procesów. Teorię przekształcania materii rozproszonej wykorzystano do modelowania dezintegracji mikroorganizmów. Zbudowano model fenomenologiczny procesu przeprowadzanego w wypełnieniu elementami sferycznymi. Badania wykonano dla drożdży piekarskich Sacchawmyces cerevisiae dezintegrowanych w młynie perełkowym. Kinetykę rozrywania komórek wyznaczono za pomocą komputerowej analizy obrazów mikroskopowych. Przebieg uwalniania związków wewnątrzkomórkowych badano metodą Bradforda oraz na podstawie pomiarów absorbancji przy długości fali 260 nm. Przeprowadzono badania wpływu dezintegracji komórek na własności reologiczne zawiesiny drożdży i otrzymywanego z niej supernatantu. Wykazano znaczny wpływ wielkości mikroorganizmów na stałą szybkość ich rozrywania. Przedstawiono oparty na modelu fenomenologicznym matematyczny opis procesu. Wykazano możliwość występowania nieliniowego przebiegu dezintegracji spowodowanego zanikaniem w trakcie procesu kolejno największych frakcji rozmiarowych komórek. Przy bardzo małej koncentracji mikroorganizmów prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia takiego efektu jest bardzo duże. Jego wartość maleje wraz ze zwiększaniem stężenia biomasy. W oparciu o matematyczny model wykazano znaczną intensyfikację oddziaływań między komórkami wraz ze zwiększaniem stężeń zawiesiny w zakresie dużych jej wartości. Rezultaty te potwierdzono wynikami badań Teologicznych. Podano hipotezy odchyleń przebiegu procesu od liniowości dla dużych i bardzo dużych stężeń zawiesiny.

EN

A critical analysis of mathematical modeling of microbial cells disintegration in bead mills is presented. Further studies and researches have been proven necessary to explain the nature of phenomena that occur during technological release of intracellular compounds. The efficacy of such researches can help us achieve further significant technical progress. A theory of random transformation of material objects dispersed in a limited medium has been proposed. This was a starting point for a general phenomenological model based on mass circulation between volumes with different characteristics. A possibility of matter transformation induced by physical, chemical or biological agents active in dispersed families of volumes generated randomly in the material medium was assumed in the model. A general mathematical description of matter transformation in the form of a system of nonlinear differential first-order equations was proposed. The areas in which the theory can be applied in researches, modeling, optimization or process management in such fields as industrial technology, environmental protection, chemistry, biology, medicine, veterinary medicine, hygiene and agriculture were mentioned. A possibility of analyzing fundamental phenomena and mechanisms of the investigated processes was demonstrated. The theory of disperse matter transformation was used in modeling the disintegration of microorganisms. A phenomenological model of the process carried out in the spherical elements packing was built. Investigations were made for baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae disintegrated in a bead mill. Cell disruption kinetics was determined by means of a computer analysis of microscopic images. The release of intracellular compounds was examined by Bradford's method and on the basis of absorbance measurements at the wavelength of 260 nm. The effect of cell disintegration on rheological properties of yeast suspension and supernatant obtained from it was studied. A considerable effect of the microorganism size on the constant rate of its disruption was revealed. A mathematical description of the process based on the phenomenological model was presented. It was shown that nonlinearity of disintegration instigated by the decay of subsequent biggest cell fractions during the process was possible. This probability, which was very high at a small concentration of microorganisms, decreased with an increase of biomass concentration. Basing on the mathematical model, it was shown that interactions between cells were notably intensified at high concentrations of the suspension. These results were confirmed by rheological studies. Hypotheses concerning deviations of the process from linearity for high and very high concentrations of the suspension were given.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

dezintegracja komórek; modelowanie matematyczne; teoria losowego przekształcania materii rozproszonej

EN

cells disintehration; mathematical modrlling; theory of disperse matter transformation

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe. Rozprawy Naukowe / Politechnika Łódzka
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: Z. 421
• Strony: 1--95
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 87 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Solecki M.

• Wydział Inżynierii Procesowej i Ochrony Środowiska

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