Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Możliwości spełnienia norm emisji Euro 6 przez obecnie produkowane europejskie lekkie pojazdy samochodowe zasilane gazem ziemnym
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
Natural gas is one of the most promising alternative fuels to meet the new stringent Euro 6 emissions regulations in the European Union, as well as the planned CO2 emissions reductions. For spark-ignition (SI) engines, bi-fuel fuelling equipment is widely available and engine conversion technology for European automobiles is well established, thereby facilitating usage of CNG in this engine type. This study investigates the implications of natural gas fuelling of a passenger car featuring a spark-ignition engine regarding the possibility of meeting Euro 6 emissions limits for gaseous pollutants. This paper presents an analysis of CO, THC, NMHC, NOx and CO2 emissions during testing of a vehicle on a chassis dynamometer, fuelled with CNG, in the context of the new Euro 6 emissions requirements. The analyses were performed on a Euro 5 bi-fuel vehicles with an SI engine equipped with an MPI feeding system operating in closed-loop control, a typical three-way-catalyst, and a heated oxygen sensor. The vehicles had been adapted by their manufacturer for fuelling with CNG by using additional special equipment mounted onto the existing petrol fuelling system. The vehicles tested featured a multipoint gas injection system latest generation. The tests subject to the analyses presented here were performed in the Engine Research Department of BOSMAL Automotive Research and Development Institute Ltd in Bielsko-Biala, Poland, within a research programme investigating the influence of alternative fuels on exhaust emissions from automotive vehicles with spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines.
Gaz ziemny jest jednym z najbardziej obiecujących paliw alternatywnych w aspekcie spełnienia wymagań nowych, obniżonych limitów emisji związków szkodliwych spalin w planowanych przepisach Euro 6 w Unii Europejskiej i jednocześnie umożliwiającym planowaną redukcję emisji CO2 przez pojazdy samochodowe. Dla silników z zapłonem iskrowym rozwiązania konstrukcyjne do zasilania silnika dwoma rodzajami paliwa: benzyną i gazem ziemnym są dobrze znane. Producenci układów zasilania silnika gazem dysponują obecnie rozwiązaniami gotowymi do zastosowania w nowoczesnych silnikach samochodowych. Tematem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza emisji CO, THC, NMHC, NOx i CO2 podczas testów pojazdu zasilanego gazem ziemnym CNG na hamowni podwoziowej w aspekcie spełnienia nowych standardów emisji spalin Euro 6. Próby przeprowadzano z wykorzystaniem pojazdów spełniających limity normy Euro 5, wyposażonych w silniki o zapłonie iskrowym z wielopunktowym wtryskiem paliwa sterowanym ze sprzężeniem zwrotnym na podstawie sygnału z sondy lambda, typowym trzyfunkcyjnym reaktorem katalitycznym i podgrzewanym czujnikiem zawartości tlenu w spalinach. Samochody używane w badaniach były dostosowane przez producenta do zasilania gazem ziemnym CNG przez użycie dodatkowego osprzętu, oprócz istniejącego systemu zasilania benzyną. Badane samochody wyposażone były w system wielopunktowego wtrysku gazu ziemnego najnowszej generacji. Badania i analizy przeprowadzono w Zakładzie Badań Silników Instytutu Badań i Rozwoju Motoryzacji BOSMAL w Bielsku-Białej, w ramach programu badań mających na celu określenie wpływu zastosowania paliw alternatywnych na możliwość obniżenia poziomu emisji związków szkodliwych spalin z pojazdów samochodowych z silnikami o zapłonie iskrowym (ZI) i samoczynnym (ZS).
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
20--33
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 23 poz.
Twórcy
autor
autor
- Engine Research Department, BOSMAL Automotive Research and Development Institute Ltd in Bielsko-Biała, piotr.bielaczyc@bosmal.com.pl
Bibliografia
- [1] Allgeier T., Bischoff C., Foerster J.: Natural Gas as an alternative fuel for motor vehicles, F2004V040, 2004 FISITA World Congress.
- [2] Bhandari K., Bansal A., Shukla A., Khare M.: Performance and emissions of natural gas fuelled internal combustion engine: A review. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, Vol. 64, May 2005, p. 333-338.
- [3] Bielaczyc P., Świątek A.: Clean and energy efficient vehicle powertrains and fuels – from today to 2030 vision. “Environment Friendly Surface Transport” PolSCA Meeting, Brussels, 10.04.2008.
- [4] Bielaczyc P., Szczotka A., Swiatek A., Woodburn J.: A Comparison of Ammonia Emission Factors from Light-Duty Vehicles Operating on Gasoline, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), SAE Int. Journal Fuels Lubr. 5(2):2012, doi:10.4271/2012-01-1095. 2012 SAE International World Congress, Detroit, USA.
- [5] Bielaczyc P.: IC Engine Test Method Development Regarding Emissions, Alternative Fuels, Lubricants and Future Trends. 2nd International Exhaust Emissions Symposium. Symposium Proceedings on CDRom, 26/27 May 2011, ISBN 978-83-931383-1-9.
- [6] Bielaczyc P., Szczotka A.: An analysis of exhaust emissions from vehicle fuelled with CNG. Materiały VI międzynarodowej konferencji naukowej “Silniki gazowe 2003”, Częstochowa-Szczyrk, 2-6.06.2003, Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej, 155, Mechanika 25.
- [7] Bielaczyc P., Szczotka A., Wojnarowicz M.: Analysis of the exhaust emissions and performance of a modern vehicle fuelled with petrol and CNG alternatively. FISITA Paper F2010-A-133, FISITA World Automotive Congress, Budapest 2010.
- [8] Bielaczyc P.: An analysis of CNG fuelling influence on the reduction of exhaust emissions from motor vehicles. Proceedings of the 3rd IMechE Conference on Total Vehicle Technology , University of Sussex, Brighton, UK, 26-27 April 2004.
- [9] Borderlanne O., Montero M., Bravin F. et al.: Biomethane CNG Hybrid: a reduction by more than 80% of the greenhouse gases emissions compared to gasoline. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, Vol. 3, Issue 5, October 2011, p. 617-624.
- [10] Checkel D., Dhaliwal B.: Tailpipe Emissions Comparison Between Propane and Natural Gas Forkfits, CEC/ SAE International Spring Fuels & Lubricants Meeting, 2000, Paper No. 2000-01-1865.
- [11] Commission of the European Communities: Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on alternative fuels for road transportation and on a set of measures to promote the use of biofuels. COM (2001) 547 final, Brussels, 7.11.2001.
- [12] Directive 2003/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 May 2003 on the promotion of the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport. Official Journal of the European Union, L 123/42, 17.5.2003.
- [13] Council Directive 2003/96/EC of 27 October 2003 restructuring the Community framework for the taxation of energy products and electricity. Official Journal of the European Union L 283/51, 31.10.2003.
- [14] Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2007 on type approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information. Official Journal of the European Union L 171/1, 29.6.2007, Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 of 18 July 2008 implementing and amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 Official Journal of the European Union L 199/1, 28.7.2008, Commission Regulation (EU) No 566/2011 of 8 June 2011 amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008, Official Journal of the European Union L 158/1, 16.6.2011, Commission Regulation (EU) No 459/2012 of 29 May 2012 amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 as regards emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 6), Official Journal of the European Union L 142/16, 1.6.2012.
- [15] Forster P., Bauerle P., Kroger K., Langer W., Thurso J.: Erdgas Bifuel-Motronic fur zukukftsorientierte CNG-Fahrzeugkonzepte. 13. Aachener Koloquium Fahrzeug – und Motorentechnik 2004. Proceedings. Aachen, Germany 2004.
- [16] Karavalakis G., Durbin T., Villela M., Miller W.: Air pollutant emissions of light duty vehicles operating on various natural gas compositions. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, Vol. 4, January 2012, p. 8-16.
- [17] Kinnunen T., Jahkola O., Del Re S., Moreno A., Kallinen K.: Catalytic Solutions for Emission Control of Natural Gas Vehicles. ECOCAT (not published).
- [18] Semin R.A.B.: A Technical Review of Compressed Natural Gas as an Automotive Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines. American J. of Engineering and Applied Sciences 1 (4): 302-311, 2008, ISSN 1941-7020.
- [19] Smyth G., Lippert A.M.: The Drive for Energy Diversity and Sustainability: The Impact on Transportation Fuels and Propulsion System Portfolios. 28th International Vienna Motorsymposium 2007.
- [20] Suga T., Muraishi T., Brachmann T., Yatabe F.: Potential of Natural Gas Vehicle as EEV. SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-1863.
- [21] Szczotka A., Bielaczyc P., Woodburn J.: The evolution of automotive fuels and fuel test methods in response to emissions and GHG legislation. 2nd International Exhaust Emissions Symposium. Symposium Proceedings on CDRom, 26/27 May 2011, ISBN 978-83-931383-1-9.
- [22] Warnecke W., Wilbrand K., Scholey H.: The Drive for Energy Independence in the Next Decades – Fuels for the Future. 28th International Vienna Motor Symposium 2007.
- [23] Zhang C-H, Xie Y-L, Wang F-S, Ma Z-Y, Qi D-H, Qiu Z-W: Emission comparison of light-duty in-use flexible-fuel vehicles fuelled with gasoline and compressed natural gas based on the ECE 15 driving cycle. Proc. IMechE Vol. 225 Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 2011 255:90.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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