A technical discussion of the emission of ammonia from SI vehicles fitted with three-way catalysts

• Autorzy: Bielaczyc P. , Świątek A. , Woodburn J.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Analiza emisji amoniaku z samochodów z silnikami o zapłonie iskrowym wyposażonych w trójfunkcyjny reaktor katalityczny

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Ammonia emissions from motor vehicles have risen significantly in recent decades, due to the rollout or three-way catalysts within the spark ignition vehicle fleet. Vehicular ammonia emissions are currently unregulated, even though ammonia is harmful for a variety of reasons, and the gas is classed as toxic. Having reached its light-off temperature, a three-way catalyst can produce substantial quantities or ammonia through various reaction pathways. Emission is markedly higher during periods where demand for engine power is higher, when the engine will be operating under open-loop conditions. The air-to-fuel ratio, cylinder temperature and rate or formation or carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide all correlate to varying degrees with ammonia production. Ammonia emissions could represent a serious threat to air quality, particularly in urban settings. Further investigation is imperative to minimise the risks posed by this as yet unregulated exhaust emission component.

PL

Emisja amoniaku z pojazdów samochodowych znacząco wzrosła w ciągu kilku ostatnich dekad, co spowodowane było wzrostem liczby samochodów z silnikami o zapłonie iskrowym, wyposażonych w trójfunkcyjne reaktory katalityczne. Emisja amoniaku z pojazdów nie jest obecnie objęta regulacjami prawnymi, pomimo iż amoniak jest szkodliwy dla organizmów żywych i gaz ten zaklasyfikowany jest jako toksyczny. Osiągając temperaturę pracy (light-off), trójfunkcyjny reaktor katalityczny może wytwarzać znaczne ilości amoniaku w wyniku różnych reakcji chemicznych. Emisja ta jest zauważalnie wyższa podczas stanu pracy silnika, gdy zapotrzebowanie na moc jest większe, przy sterowaniu silnika z pominięciem sygnału z sondy A. Stosunek powietrze-paliwo, temperatura w komorze spalania, szybkość formowania się tlenku węgla CO i tlenku azotu NO wpływają w znaczącym stopniu na powstawanie amoniaku. Emisja amoniaku może powodować istotne zagrożenie dla jakości powietrza, szczególnie w obszarach miejskich. Ciągłe badania są konieczne, by zminimalizować ryzyko spowodowane tą emisją, z uwagi na brak odpowiednich wymagań w przepisach dotyczących emisji związków szkodliwych spalin.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

ammonia; NH3 emission; spark-ignition engine; three-way catalyst; air quality

PL

amoniak; emisja NH3; silnik o zapłonie iskrowym; reaktor trójfunkcyjny; jakość powietrza

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
• Czasopismo: Silniki Spalinowe
• Rocznik: 2011
• Tom: R. 50, nr 1
• Strony: 63--71
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 36 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Bielaczyc P.

autor

Świątek A.

autor

Woodburn J.

• Head of the Engine Research Department, BOSMAL Automotive Research and Development Institute Ltd in Bielsko-Biała,

Bibliografia

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