Study of degradation processes in engineering materials using X-ray (micro)tomography and dedicated volumetric image processing and analysis

• Autorzy: Babout L.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This dissertation presents new experimental and computing methodologies to study different degradation processes in engineering materials. This has been done thanks to the unique use of X-ray tomography and the development of new image processing and analysis strategies. The work consists of four chapters. The first one introduces some of the most frequent degradation processes encountered in engineering materials. It also presents how X-ray tomography has become a competitive and unique tool to study non destructively and in three dimensions these phenomena in the past 10 years. This fact is illustrated in more detail by one example corresponding to the quantification of damage initiation and propagation in a model composite material. This material has been especially fabricated to satisfy the main requirements from X-ray tomography. This example is also used to stress the fact that, despite the uniqueness of the 3D information that is obtained from X-ray tomography, a large proportion of studies remain qualitative because of complicated microstructures or low contrasted images to be studied. This introduces the main message of this manuscript: there is a need to develop image processing strategies so as to extract quantitative information from 3D images. In this context, the next three chapters are devoted to different challenging studies, both from the materials science and computer science points of view, in the order of presentation, they deal with thermal oxidation in graphite for nuclear applications, intergranular stress corrosion cracking in austenitic stainless steel and propagation of fatigue crack in (α+β) titanium alloys with lamellar microstructure. The author contributed to each of those research areas, both at the experimental and computing level, in each chapter, the results obtained from X-ray tomography are highlighted, with a particular focus on microstructural features that influence the degradation process. Then, the study is put into a computer science context and the novel image processing or image analysis algorithm that has been developed is presented. The last step concerns, when applicable, the study of the results from a materials science point of view, based on the quantitative data obtained thanks to image processing. This work is interdisciplinary, a great deal of effort has therefore been put in the writing of this manuscript to make it readily comprehensible for both materials and computer scientists who are willing to get more information about the other field of science.

PL

Niniejsza rozprawa habilitacyjna przedstawia nowe metody eksperymentalne i obliczeniowe stosowane do badania stopnia degradacji materiałów konstrukcyjnych. Zadania te zostały zrealizowane przez zastosowanie tomografii rentgenowskiej i nowych algorytmów analizy i przetwarzania obrazów. Praca składa się z czterech rozdziałów. W pierwszym zostały zaprezentowane najczęstsze procesy prowadzące do degradacji materiałów konstrukcyjnych. Przedstawiono w nim również jak w ciągu ostatnich dziesięciu lat tomografia rentgenowska stała się nieniszczącym narzędziem do trójwymiarowej wizualizacji tych procesów. Zjawisko to zostało szczegółowo przedstawione na przykładzie ilościowej analizy procesu rozprzestrzeniania się przełomu w materiałach kompozytowych. Materiał ten został specjalnie wyprodukowany w celu spełnienia wymagań tomografii rentgenowskiej. Na tym przykładzie wykazano wyraźnie, że poza unikatowością obrazu trójwymiarowego uzyskanego za pomocą tomografii rentgenowskiej zawiera on również wiele informacji o charakterze jakościowym wynikających z analizy skomplikowanej mikrostruktury lub niskiego kontrastu analizowanych obrazów. Pozwala to sformułować ważny wniosek wynikający z pracy: należy rozwijać badania w dziedzinie przetwarzania obrazów w celu pozyskiwania informacji ilościowych z obrazów 3D. Kolejne trzy rozdziały są poświęcone przedstawieniu wyników prac zarówno z punktu widzenia inżynierii materiałowej, jak i systemów komputerowych. Obejmują one zagadnienia procesu utleniania grafitu używanego w technice jądrowej, naprężeniowej korozji międzykrystalicznej w austenitycznych stalach nierdzewnych, jak również propagacji szczeliny zmęczeniowej w stopach (α+β) tytanu o strukturze płytkowej. Autor przedstawił swój nowatorski udział w poszczególnych badaniach, zarówno w części doświadczalnej, jak i obliczeniowej. W każdym z rozdziałów zostały podkreślone wyniki uzyskane z tomografii rentgenowskiej, ze szczególnym naciskiem położonym na elementy mikrostruktury, które mają wpływ na proces niszczenia materiału. Następnie przeprowadzone badania zostały rozpatrzone w kontekście systemów komputerowych i zostały zaprezentowane nowe strategie obliczeniowe w zakresie przetwarzania obrazów. W ostatniej części pracy zostały przedstawione wyniki badań z punktu widzenia inżynierii materiałowej, bazujące na danych ilościowych uzyskanych jako wynik przetwarzania obrazów. Praca ma charakter interdyscyplinarny. Duży nacisk został położony przez autora na całościowe przygotowanie pracy w formie zrozumiałej zarówno dla specjalistów z dziedziny inżynierii materiałowej, jak i systemów komputerowych, którzy chcieliby uzyskać więcej informacji dotyczących drugiej dziedziny wiedzy.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

degradation of structural materials; X-ray tomography

PL

degradacja materiałów konstrukcyjnych; tomografia rentgenowska

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe. Rozprawy Naukowe / Politechnika Łódzka
• Rocznik: 2011
• Tom: Z. 403
• Strony: 3--123
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 172 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Babout L.

• Katedra Informatyki Stosowanej, Politechnika Łódzka

Bibliografia

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