Nanokompozytowe włókna alginianowe i kompozyty z ich udziałem do zastosowań w inżynierii biomateriałowej

Boguń, M.

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

Nanokompozytowe włókna alginianowe i kompozyty z ich udziałem do zastosowań w inżynierii biomateriałowej

Autorzy

Boguń M.

Identyfikatory

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Wykorzystanie nanotechnologii w wytwarzaniu włókien alginianowych umożliwiło nadanie im unikatowych właściwości osteokonduktywnych i osteoin-duktywnych wynikających z rodzaju ceramicznego nanododatku wprowadzonego do tworzywa. Włókna te są przeznaczone do wytwarzania biokompozytow z udziałem trudniej resorbowalnego polimeru poli-ε-kaprolaktonu (PCL). Zgodnie z podanym w pracy modelem kompozytu polimerowo-włóknistym obecność w nim łatwiej resorbowalnego składnika włóknistego będzie powodować wytworzenie w materiale implantacyjnym systemu porów ułatwiającego proliferację komórek. Wynikiem realizacji pracy w dwóch obszarach tematycznych, dotyczących wytwarzania włókien nanokompozytowych oraz biokompozytow z ich udziałem, było opracowanie warunków wytwarzania włókien z alginianu wapniowego zawierających nanododatki HAp, TCP, SiO2, bioszkło i MMT. Określono ich strukturę nadmolekularną, porowatość, właściwości sorpcyjne i wytrzymałościowe. Wytworzone na bazie tych włókien biokompozyty oceniano pod kątem ich właściwości mechanicznych, fizykochemicznych oraz stymulującego działania na procesy wzrostu komórkowego. W oparciu o przeprowadzoną analizę w układzie: charakterystyka polimeru, charakterystyka stosowanych nanododatków, właściwości reologiczne roztworów przędzalniczych, warunki procesu formowania włókien, struktura i właściwości włókien alginianowych, sprecyzowano ogólną zasadę wytwarzania nanokompozytowych włókien z alginianu wapniowego przeznaczonych do otrzymywania kompozytów polimerowo-włóknistych. Stwierdzono, iż dla uzyskanych nanokompozytowych włókien z alginianu wapnia zawierających ceramiczne nanododatki o zdefiniowanej budowie chemicznej (z wyjątkiem bioszkła) korzystne ze względu na uzyskiwanie wytrzymałości właściwej na poziomie 22-24 cN/tex jest realizowanie procesu formowania przy dodatniej wartości wyciągu filierowego +70% i maksymalnej możliwej do uzyskania dla danego typu włókien deformacji w etapie rozciągu. Udowodniono przyjętą w pracy hipotezę, iż o właściwościach nanokompozytowych włókien z alginianu wapnia decyduje nie tylko wielkość rozciągu całkowitego, ale także deformacja jeszcze płynnej strugi oraz wartość naprężeń, pod wpływem których realizowane są procesy deformacyjne (zestalanie i rozciąganie) w poszczególnych etapach wytwarzania. Podstawę do udowodnienia przyjętej hipotezy stanowiły analizy porównawcze wpływu wyciągu filierowego i deformacji w etapie rozciągu na strukturę i właściwości włókien alginianowych zawierających różnego rodzaju nanododatki ceramiczne. Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły na sformułowanie prawdopodobnego mechanizmu procesu zestalania i opis procesu rozciągu nanokompozytowych włókien alginianowych. O przebiegu zestalania włókien alginianowych decydują szybkości i wzajemna relacja trzech procesów: dyfuzji jonowej, żelowania i rozdziału fazowego. Na ich przebieg i kształtowanie się struktury w tym etapie wpływa fakt, iż zachodzą one w polu naprężeń związanych z występowaniem podłużnego gradientu prędkości, uzależnionego od wartości wyciągu filierowego i związanego z siłą odbioru włókna. W drugim obszarze tematycznym, dotyczącym wytwarzania biokompozytów, udowodniono hipotezę polegającą na założeniu, iż uzyskane kompozyty polimerowo-włókniste wykazują cechy kompozytu wielofunkcyjnego, o dobrych właściwościach mechanicznych. Wykazano, iż kompozyty polimerowo-włókniste wytworzone na bazie poli-s-kaprolaktonu oraz nanokompozytowych włókien z alginianu wapnia stanowią interesujący biomateriał, ze względu na możliwość projektowania cech materiałowych w zależności od udziału wagowego fazy włóknistej oraz od charakteru zastosowanego nanododatku. W ramach tego obszaru zostało sprawdzone stymulujące działanie nanododatków (obecnych w tworzywie włókien alginianowych) na proces wzrostu komórkowego, z zastosowaniem linii komórkowej osteoblastów. Jednocześnie przeprowadzone badania poziomu interleukin (IL6, IŁ l O, THN-α), będących markerami stanu zapalnego, wykazały spadek wydzielania tych interleukin już w siódmym dniu inkubacji.

The use of nanotechnology in the production of alginate fibres has made it possible to give them unique osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties, which depend on the type of ceramic nanoadditive introduced into the material. These fibres are used for the production of biocomposites together with a less easily re-sorbable polymer, poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL). According to the polymer-fibrous composite model described in the paper, the presence in it of the more easily resorbable fibrous components will cause a system of pores to form in the implant material, facilitating the proliferation of cells. As a result of work in two subject areas relating to the production of nano-composite fibres and of biocomposites containing them, conditions were worked out for the production of fibres from calcium alginate, containing the nanoaddi-tives HAp, TCP, SiO2, bioglass and MMT. A determination was made of their supramolecular structure, porosity, sorption properties and strength. The biocomposites made from these fibres were evaluated in terms of their mechanical and physicochemical properties and their stimulating effect on cell growth processes. Based on analysis of the properties of the polymer and of the nanoadditives used, rheological properties of the spinning solutions, conditions of the fibre forming process and the structure and properties of alginate fibres, a general rule was developed concerning the production of nanocomposite calcium alginate fibres intended for making polymer-fibrous composites. It was found that, for the obtained nanocomposite calcium alginate fibres containing ceramic nanoadditives with defined chemical structure (with the exception of bioglass), it is advantageous, with regard to the achievement of a tenacity of 22-24 cN/tex, to carry out the forming process with a positive value of pull-out at the as-spun draw ratio of +70% and with the maximum deformation achievable for the fibres in question at the drawing stage. The hypothesis adopted in the work has been proved: that the properties of nanocomposite calcium alginate fibres are determined not only by the total deformation, but also by the deformation of the still liquid stream and the value of the stresses under which the deformation processes (solidification and drawing) take place at the various stages of fibre production. The basis for proof of the hypothesis is provided by comparative analyses of the effect of pull-out at the as-spun draw ratio and deformation at the drawing stage on the structure and properties of alginate fibres containing different types of ceramic nanoadditive. The tests carried out have made it possible to formulate a probable mechanism for the solidification process and to describe the process of drawing of nanocomposite alginate fibres. The progress of the solidification of alginate fibres depends on the speed and mutual relations of three processes: ion diffusion, gel formation and phase separation. Their course, and the formation of the structure at this stage, are affected by the fact that they take place within the field of stresses resulting from the presence of a lengthwise velocity gradient, which is dependent on the value of pull-out at the as-spun draw ratio and related to the force with which the fibre is collected. In the second subject area, relating to the production of biocomposites, a hypothesis was proved involving the assumption that the obtained polymer-fibrous composites display features of a multifunctional composite, with good mechanical properties. It was shown that polymer-fibrous composites based on poly-ε-caprolactone and nanocomposite fibres made from calcium alginate constitute an interesting biomaterial, due to the possibility of designing material properties depending on the content by mass of the fibrous phase and on the nature of the na-noadditive used. In this subject area, tests were made of the stimulating action of nanoadditives (present in the material of the alginate fibres) on the process of cell growth, using a cell line of osteoblasts. Simultaneously conducted tests of the level of interleukins (IL6, IL10, THN-α), being markers of inflammation, showed a fall in the secretion of those interleukins as early as the seventh day of incubation.

Słowa kluczowe

nanokompozytowe włókna alginianowe inżynieria biomateriałowa włókna z alginianu wapnia

nanocomposite alginate fibres engineering of biomaterials calcium alginate fibers

Wydawca

Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej

Czasopismo

Zeszyty Naukowe. Rozprawy Naukowe / Politechnika Łódzka

Rocznik

2010

Tom

Z. 389

Strony

3--210

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 230 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Boguń M.

Katedra Włókien Chemicznych i Biomateriałów Politechnika Łódzka, maciej.bogun@p.lodz.pl

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