Synteza, budowa i właściwości β-galaktozylopolihydroksyalkoholi otrzymanych w reakcji transglikozylacji z udziałem β-galaktozydazy

• Autorzy: Klewicki R.
• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Przedmiotem badań była synteza, struktura, właściwości biologiczne oraz stabilność podczas pasteryzacji i składowania galaktozylowych pochodnych polihydroksyalkoholi: sorbitolu, ksylitolu, erytritolu i laktitolu. Syntezę gal-polioli prowadzono na drodze transglikozylacji towarzyszącej hydrolizie laktozy z użyciem β-galaktozydazy. Stosowano 65% (w/v) roztwory laktozy i poliolu. Najwyższe zawartości gal-sorbitolu, gal-ksylitolu i gal-erytritolu uzyskiwano, stosując roztwory o stosunku molowym laktozy do poliolu wynoszącym 1:1.9. Enzymy z drożdży (K. lactis i K. fragilis) wytwarzały większe ilości pochodnych polioli-monomer6w, natomiast β-galaktozydaza z Aspergillus oryzae szybciej syntetyzowała trimery (pochodną laktitolu). Wyznaczono optymalne dawki enzymu: 2500 AUL/100 ml do syntezy β-erytritolu, 1300 AUL/lOO ml do syntezy gal-ksylitolu, 4000 AUL/lOO ml do syntezy gal-sorbitolu (w przypadku enzymu z K. lactis może być wyższa -5500 AUL/100 ml) i 2600 AUL/lOO ml do syntezy gal-laktitolu. Stosowanie nadmiemych ilości β-galaktozydazy przyczyniało się do intensyfikacji hydrolizy produktów transglikozylacji, co skutkowalo obniżeniem zawartości gal-polioli w hydrolizacie. Najwyższe zawartości gal-sorbitolu, gal-ksylitolu, gal-erytritolu i gal- laktitolu w suchej substancji hydrolizatu po syntezie w optymalnych warunkach pH (6.5) wynosiły odpowiednio: 16.4, 15.2, 18.8 i 16.9% (w/w). Zastosowano modyfikację warunków reakcji (temperatura, pH, zawartość suchej substancji i obecność soli NaCl) podczas syntezy gal-sorbitolu (sorbitol jest najtańszym z testowanych polioli, a jednocześnie powstająca pochodna jest strukturalnie najbardziej podobna do stosowanego już w żywności laktitolu). Wykazano, że wyższe pH oraz obecność chlorku sodu w roztworze laktozy i sorbitolu sprzyja syntezie gal-poliolu. Stosując enzym z K. lactis, uzyskano ponad 10% przyrost zawartości prod.pktu po reakcji w pH = 91ub w 0.25-0.75M roztworze NaCl. Zastosowano metodę enzymatycznej (oksydaza glukozowa) biokonwersji glukozy do kwasu glukonowego i dalej do glukonianu wapnia (z użyciem węglanu wapnia) jako techniki podwyższania zawartości gal-polioli w hydrolizatach poprzez usunięcie glukozy (pod postacią glukonianu wapnia na drodze krystalizacji lub z wykorzystaniem wymieniaczy jonowych). W suchej substancji hydrolizatów pozbawionych glukozy zawartość gal-sorbitolu, gal-ksylitolu, gal-erytritolu i gal-laktitolu wynosiła odpowiednio: 19.8, 17.8, 24.2 i 20.1% (w/w). Dodatkową korzyścią stosowania tej techniki wzbogacania hydrolizatów jest otrzymywanie stosowanej w produkcji żywności soli wapniowej kwasu glukonowego. Z wykorzystaniem technik MS i NMR potwierdzono strukturę galaktozylowych pochodnych polioli-monomerów. Wykazano, iż w uzyski- wanych pochodnych wystąpują przede wszystkim wilązania z pierwszo- rzędowymi węglami polioli β,1 w pochodnych erytritolu, ksylitolu i sorbitolu oraz β-1,6 w pochodnej sorbitolu). W pochodnych erytritolu i ksylitolu występowały ponadto wiązania β-1,2, a w gal-ksylitolu i ga1-sorbitolu β-1,3. Doświadczenia z wykorzystaniem wybranych szczepów z rodzaju Lactobacillus wykazały , iż galaktozylowe pochodne polioli są metabolizowane przez te drobnoustroje, indukując przy tym aktywność antagonistyczną bakterii mlekowych przeciwko wybranym patogenom (Eschericha coli ATCC 23922, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Shigella sonnei S, Enterobacter cloacae LOCK 0835, Citrobacter ferundi). Aktywność ta byla wyższa niż rejestrowana w obecności polioli. Gal-sorbitol wykazywał podobne zdolności indukowania aktywności antagonistycznej co laktitol. W doświadczeniach na szczurach wykazano, iż gal-poliole posiadają zdolność modyfikowania parametrów krwi i treści jelita. Wszystkie badane pochodne podnosiły masę tkanki i treści jelita, obniżały pH oraz intensyfikowały produkcję krótkołańcuchowych kwasów tłuszczowych. Gal-poliole obniżały jednocześnie stężenie amoniaku w treści jelita oraz aktywność szkodliwej β-glukoronidazy. W różnym stopniu wybrane pochodne obniżały stężenie glukozy, cholesterolu i TAG we krwi.

EN

Synthesis, structure and biological properties of galactosyl derivatives of polyhydroxyalcohols, as well as their stability during pasteurization and storage, have been studied. The highest contents of gal-sorbitol, gal-xylitol and gal-erythritol, formed , during lactose hydrolysis with 13-galactosidase were obtained using initial solution of the molar ratio of lactose to polyol equal to 1:1.9. In the case of lactitol that proportion amounted to 1:2.9. Enzymes from yeast (K. lactis and K. fragilis) presented larger inclination towards the synthesis of derivatives of polyols-monomers, whereas the enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae synthesised trimmers (derivative of lactitol) faster. Excessive dosing of the enzymes brought about the intensification of gal-polyol hydrolysis and decrease of their content in the hydrolysates. Thus, the dose of 13-galactosidase should not exceed 2500 AUL/lOO mi in gal-erythritol synthesis, 1300 AUL/100 mi in gal-xylitol synthesis, 4000 AUL/l00 mi in gal-sorbitol synthesis and 2600 AUL/l00 mi in gal-lactitol synthesis. The highest contents of gal-sorbitol, gal-xylitol, gal-erythritol and gal- lactitol in dry matter of hydrolysate after synthesis at optimal pH (6.5) were: 16.4, 15.2, 18.8 and 16.9%(w/w). As sorbitol is the most promising polyol for gal-polyol production because of it's low cost and similarity of gal-sorbitol to lactitol (used in food production), sorbitol was used for synthesis of galactosyl derivative under modified conditions (temperature, pH, concentration of lactose-sorbitol solution, presence of NaCl). It was proved that higher pH and presence of salt in lactose solution promoted the synthesis of gal-polyol using enzyme from K. lactis (over 10% increase of gal-sorbitol content of hydrolysate after processing at pH = 9 or in 0.25-0.75M NaCl solution). It was shown that enzymatic oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid and transformation of the acid into calcium salt (removed by crystallisation or with ion-exchangers) may be a useful technique for increasing the gal-polyol content of lactose hydrolysate. In dry matter of glucose-free hydrolysates the contents of gal-sorbitol, gal-ksylitol, gal-erytritol and gal-laktitol were: 19.8, 17.8, 24.2 and 20.1 %(w/w). In addition, calcium gluconate (used in food production) is obtained. The structure of galactosyl derivatives of polyol-monomers was determined with mass spectroscopy and NMR. In obtained products monosacharide and polyol were mainly interlinked by 13-1,1 bonds (gal-erythritol, gal-xylitol, gal-sorbitol). In gal-sorbitol there were also 13-1,6 bonds. In gal-erythritol and gal-xylitol 13-1,2 bonds were present, while in gal-xylitol and gal-sorbitol molecules 13-1,3 bonds occured. Galactosyl derivatives of erythritol, xylitol and sorbitol were metabolised by Lactobacillus spp. This resulted in their antagonistic activity against the test pathogens (Eschericha coli A TCC 23922, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Shigella sonnei S, Enterobacter cloacae LOCK 0835, Citrobacter ferundi). This activity was higher than that of polyols. Gal-sorbitol obtained by enzymatic transglycosylation from lactose had the same abilities of inducing the antagonistic activity of lactic acid bacteria that lactito1 had. Gal-polyols influenced the caecal and blood parameters in rats. They all increased the caecal (tissue and digesta) weight, lowered the pH, and enhanced production of SCFAs. Gal-polyols decreased ammonia concentration in the caecum and lowered the activity of harmful 13-glucuronidase. Some gal-polyols had the ability of lowering glucose, cholesterol and TAG concentration in serum.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

β-galaktozylopolihydroksyalkohole; transglikozylacja; β-galaktozydaza

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe. Rozprawy Naukowe / Politechnika Łódzka
• Rocznik: 2008
• Tom: Z. 367
• Strony: 5--139
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 230 poz., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Klewicki R.

Bibliografia

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