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Modelowanie propagacji fal radiowych do projektowania naziemnych systemów łączności bezprzewodowej

Autorzy
Hausman S.
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
PL
Abstrakty
PL
Rozprawa poświęcona jest empirycznym i teoretycznym modelom propagacji fal radiowych przeznaczonym do projektowania naziernnych systemów łączności bezprzewodowej. Badając wlasności tych modeli posłużono się symula- cjami komputerowymi oraz wynikami pomiarów przestrzennych rozkładów natężenia pola w różnych środowiskach propagacji. W części dotyczącej metod empirycznych omówiono wyniki analizy własności modeli najczęściej stosowanych w praktyce, takich jak model Okumury, ITU-370, ITU-1546, Ibrahima-Parsonsa i Kozono-Watanabe, a także modelu półempirycznego Andersona. Wykazano między innymi, że wykorzystanie w tych modelach ilościowych i jakościowych informacji o ukształowaniu terenu i zabudowie prowadzi do zrnniejszenia błędów symulacji dla warunków terenowych i architektonicznych typowych dla Polski. Zaproponowano dwa modele błędów charakteryzu- jących dokladność geometryczną map i pokazano, w jaki sposób te błędy wplywają na dokładność wyników symulacji pola elektromagne- tycznego. Przedstawiono wyniki własnych prac nad modelami teoretycznymi, głównie wielkoczęstotliwościowymi, a porównawczo także małoczęstotliwościowymi. Wykazano potrzebę modelowania zjawiska dyfrakcji dla uzyskania dobrej dokładności symlulacji zjawisk propagacyjnych w środowisku zurbanizowanym. Omówiono ograniczenia zakresu stosowalności optyki geometrycznej i jednorodnej teorii dyfrakcji wynikające ze stosunku długości fali do rozmiarów obiektów oraz niespełnionego założenia lokalności zjawisk propagacyjnych. Zaprezentowano oryginalne wyniki dotyczące modelowania zaburzenia propagacji fal radiowych w otoczeniu ciała człowieka. Podano warunki poprawnego wykonywania pomiarów natężenia pola przeprowadzanych w ruchu, zasady doboru sprzętu dla pojazdu pomiarowego, metod rejestracji i przetwarzania uzyskanych danych. Przedstawiono zestaw własnych programów komputerowych umożliwiający statystyczną obróbkę wyników pomiarów, w którym między innymi zaimplementowano oryginalny algorytm skladania wyników z wielokrotnych przejazdów trasy pomiarowej. Ponieważ część badań empirycznych wykonywano w komorze bezodbicio- wej i na otwartym polu pomiarowym, to zbadano na ile stanowiska te mogą być uważane za idalne. Zaproponowano klasyfikację porządkującą metody wyznaczania znormalizowanej tłumiennosci (NSA) stanowisk pomiarowych. Opisano oryginalne koncepcje dotyczące automatyzacji pomiaru znormalizowanej tłumienności stanowisk pomiarowych, takich jak komory bezodbiciowe i otwarte pola pomiarowe.
EN
This dissertation presents a study of empirical and theoretical radio wave propagation models for the design of terrestrial wireless communication systems. Properties of such models are investigated by means of computer simulations and measurement of spatial field strength distribution in various propagation environments (indoor, urban, suburban, open area, etc.). In the part devoted to empirical models, properties of most frequently used propagation models such as Okumura, ITU-R P.370/P.1546, Ibrahim-Parsons, and Kozono-Watanabe as well as semi-empirical Anderson model are analyzed and discussed. The study reveals that the application of qualitative and quantitaive information on terrain features and terrain usage in the models results in reduced prediction errors for terrain irregularity and architecture typical of Poland. Two models of errors characterizing geometric accuracy of maps are pro- posed and it is shown how these errors influence field strength prediction results. Results concerning theoretical models (mainly high-frequency, but also low-frequency for comparison) are presented. It is demonstrated that diffraction must be taken into account in order to achieve good accuracy of propagation prediction in urban areas and indoor. Limitations of the geometrical optics, geometrical theory of diffraction, and uniform theory of diffraction with respect to the ratio of the wavelength to dimensions of obstacles as well as violation of the locality postulate are studied using the example of a circular perfectly conducting cylinder. Results concerning scattering of radio waves on the human body are presented. Stipulations for the radio survey measurements in motion, measurement equipment selection, data logging and processing are shown. A software package is described for the statistical processing of measurement results, which implements an original algorithm for merging measurements taken fron several runs over the same path. Measurements were conducted both in an anechoic chamber and in an open area test site and therefore validation methods for these environments are discussed. A review of of normalized site attenuation (NSA) measurement methods is proposed. Original concepts for automation of NSA measurements are presented.
Słowa kluczowe
PL
EN
Wydawca
Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej
Czasopismo
Zeszyty Naukowe. Rozprawy Naukowe / Politechnika Łódzka
Rocznik
2007
Tom
Z. 363
Strony
3--198
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 284 poz., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
Hausman S.
  • Politechnika Łódzka. Wydział Elektrotechniki i Elektroniki
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  • Normy i raporty opracowane przez organizacje normalizacyjne oraz akty prawne (związane z tematyką pracy)
  • ANSI (ang. American National Standards Institute)
  • ANSI C63.4 (1988), Amer. Nat. Standard for EMC - radiated emission measurements in EMI control - calibration of antennas.
  • Australian Communications Authority
  • Radiocommunications Electromagnetic Radiation - Human Exposure, 2003.
  • CENELEC (fr. Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique)
  • CENELEC, EN 50147-2 (1996), Komory bezodbiciowe: Przydatność alternatywnego stanowiska pomiarowego ze względu na jego tłumienność - tłumaczenie na język polski.
  • CISPR - International Special Committee on Radio Interference
  • CISPR 16-1 (1999), Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods.
  • CISPR/A/644/DC, Proposed amendments to CISPR 16-1-4 and CISPR 16-1-5 with regard to the introduction of the Reference Site Method as an alternative to the NSA method of validating compliance test sites, draft for comment, June 16, 2006.
  • ETSI'-European Telecommunication Standards Institute
  • ETSI/GSM Recommendation 05.05.
  • ITU - The International Telecommunication Union (dawniej CCIR -fr. Comité Consultatif International des Radiocommunications)
  • Report 239-7, Propagation statistics required for broadcasting services using the frequency range 30 to 1000 MHz, pp.: 291- 309.
  • Report 567-4, Propagation data and prediction methods for the terrestrial land mobile service using the frequency range 30 MHz to 3 GHz, pp.: 310-340.
  • ITU-R P.310 Definitions of terms relating to propagation in non-ionized media.
  • ITU-R P.311 Acquisition, presentation and analysis of data in studies of tropospheric propagation.
  • ITU-R P.341 The concept of transmission loss for radio links.
  • ITU-R P.368 Ground-wave propagation curves for frequencies between 10 kHz and 30 MHz.
  • ITU-R P. 3 69 Reference atmosphere for refraction.
  • ITU-R P.370 VHF and UHF propagation curves for the frequency range from 30 MHz to l GHz broadcasting services.
  • ITU-R P.434 ITU-R reference ionospheric characteristics and methods of basic MUF, operational MUF and ray-path prediction.
  • ITU-R P.453 The radio refractive index: its formula and refractivity data.
  • ITU-R P.525 Calculation of free-space attenuation.
  • ITU-R P.526 Propagation by diffraction.
  • ITU-R P.527 Electrical characteristics of the surface of the Earth.
  • ITU-R P.528 Propagation curves for aeronautical mobile and radionavigation services using the VHF, UHF and SHF bands.
  • ITU-R P.529 Prediction methods for the terrestrial land mobile service in the VHF and UHF bands.
  • ITU-R P.530 Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of terrestrial line-of-sight systems.
  • ITU-R P.531 Ionospheric propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of satellite services and systems.
  • ITU-R P.676 Attenuation by atmospheric gases.
  • ITU-R P. 678 Characterization of the natural variability of propagation phenomena.
  • ITU-R P.832 World Atlas of Ground Conductivities.
  • ITU-R P.833 Attenuation in vegetation.
  • ITU-R P.834 Effects of tropospheric refraction on radiowave propagation.
  • ITU-R P.835 Reference standard atmospheres.
  • ITU-R P.837 Characteristics of precipitation for propagation modelling.
  • ITU-R P. 1057 Probability distributions relevant to radiowave propagation modelling.
  • ITU-R P. 1058 Digital topographic databases for propagation studies.
  • ITU-R P. 1060 Propagation factors affecting frequency sharing in HF terrestrial systems.
  • ITU-R P. 1144 Guide to the application of the propagation methods of Radiocommunication Study Group 3.
  • ITU-R P. 1145 Propagation data for the terrestrial land mobile service in the VHF and UHF bands.
  • ITU-R P. 1146 The prediction of field strength for land mobile and terrestrial broadcasting services in the frequency range from l to 3 GHz.
  • ITU-R P. 1238 Propagation data and prediction methods for the planning of indoor radiocommunication systems and radio local area networks in the frequency range 900 MHz to 100 GHz.
  • ITU-R P. 1240 ITU-R Methods of basic MUF, operational MUF and ray-path prediction.
  • ITU-R P. 1406 Propagation effects relating to terrestrial land mobile service in the VHF and UHF bands.
  • ITU-R P. 1407 Multipath propagation and parameterization of its characteristics.
  • ITU-R P. 1410 Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of terrestrial broadband millimetric radio access systems operating in a frequency range of about 20-50 GHz.
  • ITU-R P. 1411 Propagation data and prediction methods for the planning of short-range outdoor radiocommunication systems and radio local area networks in the frequency range 300 MHz to 100 GHz.
  • ITU-R P. 1546 Method for point-to-area predictions for terrestrial services in the frequency range 30 MHz to 3 000 MHZ.
  • Akty prawne
  • [Dz. U. Nr 134/2005] Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 29 czerwca 2005 r. w ; sprawie Krajowej Tablicy Przeznaczeń Częstotliwości (Dz. U. Nr 134, póz. 1127).
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Bibliografia
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