Tadeusza Zielińskiego koncepcja reformy rosyjskich uniwersytetów

• Autorzy: Schiller J.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Conception of the reorganization of russian universities in the interpretation of Tadeusz Zielinski

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

Towards the close of the XIXth century, and even till the end of existing of Russia under czarism, there were made many at tempts at reorganizing the universities. Academic Statute, which was put into force in 1884 and officially obliged till the period of revolution, was an object of attacks both from the side of professors, and studentsand few Russian intellectuals' representatives. The reason why such events took place was the statute set restrictions on the universities to the high degree, and even, in some people's opinion, entirely imposed a ban on having a law to self- determination by them. The universities were not only determined with the state that completely held sway over them, but also the professors were perceived to be average civil servants at the instance of the authorities. The deprived of any association laws students, more and more violently called for their right to organize themselves into associations. The nation-wide strikes organized by the students that took place in the years 1899-1903, and the out break of a revolution in 1905 made the Govemment make the at tempts at carrying out a reform in cooperation with academic circle. This fact opened a wide area for the discussions that were taken up not only during the academic committees' session s that were organized by the committee's govemment, but also in the press. One of the disputants was a Polish professor of the classics at the University of Petersburg -Tadeusz Zieliński. On August 1906, in the columns of the official organ belonging to the Ministry of Public Education he published an article entitled Uniwersitetskij wapras w 1906 gadu (University Affair in 1906), in which he presented his own conception conceming the necessary changes. First of alI, his idea was characterized by the realism. Zieliński was absolutely aware of the political and social realities, and very often warned against putting forward too fastidious demands that the Government could not and was not willing to realize. In his opinion, one should not only accept that the universities have to stay under state's control to a certain degree, but also fight for the ideas that would be most important for the academy -for example, strife for a complete liberty of action in setting up the rules concerning learning and teaching. This was the second, distinctive fea- ture of his conception -the only aim of all changes must be welfare of the university, its permanent develop- ment and most favourable perfonning functions the university was created for. The university's main task is to serve leaming and teaching through striding over such obstacles as, for example, casual and political aims, and the conception of its organization must allow for such point of view only. Such outlook upon the role and ; tasks of the university was presented by professor Zieliński till the end of his life. His statements from the 1930s show that the autonomy of the university and its break with politics turned out to be a kind of organiza- tional foundation of the higher education.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Zieliński Tadeusz

EN

Zieliński Tadeusz

• Wydawca: Instytut Historii Nauki im. L. i A. Birkenmajerów Polskiej Akademii Nauk
• Czasopismo: Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
• Rocznik: 2006
• Tom: R. 51, nr 3/4
• Strony: 57--89

Twórcy

autor

Schiller J.

• Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii Nauki, Warszawa