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Zooplankton is an important part of Baltic ecosystem and ecosystem-based management requires productivity assessment of the region what involves zooplankton identification and abundance estimation. Acoustics is recognized as a reliable monitoring method. Thus, the ability of understanding of backscattering by zooplankton becomes a priority. It was the main motivation of the paper. The main approach is based on (i) the numerical modeling of acoustic backscattering by the typical representative of Baltic zooplankton, mysids and (ii) comparison of the theoretical results with the measured acoustic data. The Modal Based Deformed Wave Born Approximation (MB-DWBA) model was employed. The readily available biologic data for mysids were used. The sensitivity of the backscattering to acoustic frequency, individual size, width of orientation distribution and acoustic properties of biologic tissue was analyzed. The results of modeling were verified using the measured acoustic and biologic data collected in August 2003 in the Swedish coastal zone near Stockholm.
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Tom
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55--68
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Bibliogr. 23 poz., rys.
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- 1Institute of Oceanology of Polish Academy of Sciences Powstańców Warszawy 55, PL - 81 - 712 Sopot, Poland., gorska@iopan.gda.pl
Bibliografia
- [1] S.G. Conti, D.A. Demer, A.S. Brierley, Broad-bandwidth, sound scattering, and absorption from krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica), mysids (Pranulus flexuosus and Neomysis integer), and shrimp (Crangon crangon), ICES Journal of Marine Science, Vol. 62, 956-965, 2005.
- [2] T. Didrikas, S. Hansson, In situ target strength of the Baltic Sea herring and sprat, ICES Journal of Marine Science, Vol. 61, 378-382, 2004.
- [3] Y. Endo, Orientation of Antarctic krill in an aquarium, Nippon Suisan Hakkaishi, Vol. 59, 465-468, 1993.
- [4] K.G. Foote, I. Everson, J.L. Watkins, D.G. Bone, Target strength of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) at 38 and 120 kHz, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 87, 16-24, 1990.
- [5] ICES. 2005 Report of the Study Group on Baltic Sea Productivity Issues in Support of the BSRP (SGPROD), 2-4 December, Klaipeda, Lithuania, ICES CM 2005/H:02, 68pp, 2005.
- [6] U. Kils, Swimming behavior, swimming performance and energy balance of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba, BIOMASS Sci. Ser., Vol. 3, 1-122, 1982.
- [7] I. Kotta, J. Kotta, Distribution of Mysids on bank slopes in the Gulf of Riga, Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Biology Ecology, Vol. 50, 14-21, 2001a.
- [8] I. Kotta, J. Kotta, Vertical migrations of Mysids in the Gulf of Riga, Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Biology Ecology, Vol. 50, 248-255, 2001b.
- [9] P. Margoński, K. Maciejewska, The distribution, abundance and biomass of Mysis mixta and Neomysis integer (Crustacea: Mysidacea) in the open waters of the southern Baltic Sea, Bulettin of the Sea Fisheries Institute, Vol. 2(147), 23-35, 1999.
- [10] H. Medwin, C.S.Clay, Fundamentals of Acoustical Oceanography, Academic Press, 240, 353, 391, 392, 394, 395, 400, London 1998.
- [11] H. Medwin and colleagues, Sounds in the Sea. From Ocean Acoustics to Acoustical Oceanography, Cambridge University Press, 355-373, New York 2005.
- [12] K. Miyashita, I. Aoki, T. Ingami, Swimming behavior and target strength of isada krill (Euphausia pacifica), ICES Journal of Marine Science, Vol. 53, 303-308, 1996.
- [13] P.M. Morse, K.U. Ingard, Theoretical Acoustics, Princeton University Press, NJ. Chap. 8, Princeton, 1968.
- [14] A. Orłowski, Environmental effect on acoustic on acoustic measurements of Baltic fish (part 2), Hydroacoustics (Annual Journal), Vol. 4, 193-196, 2001.
- [15] A. Orłowski, Influence of thermal conditions on biomass of fish in the Polish EEZ, Fisheries Research, Vol. 63, 367-377, 2003.
- [16] A. Orłowski, Acoustic reconnaissance of fish and environmental background in demersal zone in southern Baltic, Hydroacoustics (Annual Journal), Vol. 7, 183-194, 2004.
- [17] H. Peltonen, H. Balk, The acoustic target strength of herring (Clupea harengus L.) in the northern Baltic Sea, ICES Journal of Marine Science, Vol. 62, 803-808, 2005.
- [18] J. Simmonds, D. MacLennan, Fisheries Acoustics. Theory and Practice, Blackwell Science, 1, 51-53, 59, 262, 265, 277, Oxford 2005.
- [19] T.K. Stanton, D. Chu, P.H. Wiebe, C.S. Clay, Average echoes from randomly oriented random-length finite cylinders: Zooplankton models, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 94(6), 3463-3472, 1993.
- [20] T.K. Stanton, D. Chu, Review and recommendations for the modeling of acoustic scattering by fluid-like elongated zooplankton: euphausiids and copepods, ICES Journal of Marine Science, Vol. 57, 793-807, 2000.
- [21] M. Szymelfenig, J. Urbański (red), Morze Bałtyckie – o tym warto wiedzieć, Zaszyty Zielonej Akademii, 58-63, 1998.
- [22] M. Viherluoto, Food selection and feeding behavior of Baltic Sea mysid shrimps, Walter and Andrée de Nottbeck Foundation Scientific Reports, Vol. 23, 1-35, 2001.
- [23] Z. Witek, Produkcja biologiczna i jej wykorzystanie w ekosystemie morskim w zachodniej części Basenu Gdańskiego, Morski Instytut Rybacki, 32-42, 99, Gdynia 1995.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BWM8-0037-0008