Zastosowanie połączenia mikroekstrakcji do fazy stacjonarnej i chromatografii gazowej do oceny zanieczyszczenia środowiska bojowymi środkami chemicznymi

• Autorzy: Wasilewska M. , Banel A. , Zygmunt B. , Namieśnik J.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Application of solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography for assessing environmental contamination with chemical warfare agents

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Chromatografia gazowa to niezastąpione narzędzie do oznaczania lotnych zanieczyszczeń w próbkach środowiskowych. Najczęściej wymaga ona jednak wprowadzenia etapu przygotowania próbek. Wygodnym sposobem jest mikroekstrakcja analitów do fazy stacjonarnej. Anality mogą być ekstrahowane z gazu lub cieczy lub też z fazy nadpowierzchniowej cieczy lub ciała stałego do włókna pokrytego sorbentem. Desorpcja analitów następuje w dozowniku chromatografu gazowego, Połączenie tych dwóch technik pozwala oznaczyć lotne bojowe środki chemiczne na poziomie śladów zarówno w wodzie, glebie jak również w powietrzu.

EN

Gas chromatography is an irreplaceable tool for determining volatile contaminants in environmental samples. However, in majority of cases it requires a sample preparation phase, Microextraction of analytes to solid phase seems to be a comfortable alternative. Analytes can be extracted from gas or liquid or from the headspace above the liquids and solids to sorbent coated fibres. Analytes desorption takes place in the gas chromatograph injector. A combination of these two techniques allows determining volatile chemical warfare agents even in trace quantities in water, soil and in the air.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

zanieczyszczenie środowiska; bojowe środki chemiczne

EN

environmental contamination; chemical warfare agents

• Wydawca: Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Przemysłu Hutniczego w Polsce, Zarząd Główny
• Czasopismo: Ochrona Powietrza i Problemy Odpadów
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: Vol. 44 nr 3
• Strony: 73--83
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 53 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Wasilewska M.

autor

Banel A.

autor

Zygmunt B.

autor

Namieśnik J.

• Politechnika Gdańska, Wydział Chemiczny, Katedra Chemii Analitycznej, 80-952 GDAŃSK, ul. Narutowicza 11/12,

Bibliografia

• [1] Paczkowski A.: Vademecum szefa ośrodka analizy skażeń WLOP, Warszawa, 2003
• [2] Konopski L.: Historia broni chemicznej, Warszawa, 2009
• [3] www.wichir.waw.pl(l4.0l.2009)
• [4] Krauze M., Nowak I.: Broń chemiczna, Warszawa, 1984
• [5] Borucki M.: Terroryzm zło naszych czasów, Warszawa, 2002
• [6] Croddy E., Perez – Armendariz C., Haretm J.: Broń chemiczna i biologiczna. Raport dla obywatela, Warszawa, 2003
• [7] Wysocka M.: Dramat zakładników z moskiewskiego teatru, Puls Medycyny (04.11.2002)
• [8] www.wyborcza.pl/1,75477,1737247.html (22.10.2003)[9]
• [9] www.wyborcza.pl/1.86701,3933336.html (21.02.2007
• [10] www.wyborcza.pl/1,8670l,3994262. html (17.03.2007)
• [11] Szinicz L.: History of chemical and biological warfare agents, Toxicology, 214,167,2005
• [12] Rearden P., Harrington P.B.: Rapid screening of precursor and degradation products of chemical warfare agents in soil by solidphase microextraction ion mobility spectrometry (SPME-IMS), Anal. Chim. Acta, 545,13, 2005
• [13] Lakso H-A., Ng W.E: Determination of Chemical Warfare Agents in Natural Water Samples by Solid-Phase Microextraction, Anal. Chem., 69, 1886, 1997
• [14] Yang Yu-Chu: Chemical Detoxification of Nerve Agent VX, Acc. Chem. Res., 32, 109115,1999
• [15] Edwin W.J. Hooijschuur, Charles E. Kientz, Udo A.Th. Brinkman: Analytical separation techniques for the determination of chemical warfare agents, J. Chromatogr. A, 982, 177-200, 2002
• [16] Wooten J. V, David L. A., Calafat A. M.: Calafat, Quantitation of 2-Chlorovinylarsonous Acid in Human Urine by Automated Solid-Phase MicroextractionGas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. B., 772,147,2002
• [17] Tomkins B. A., Sega G. A., Ho C-h.: Determination of Lewisite Oxide in Soil Using Solid Phase Microextraction Followed by Gas Chromatography With Flame Photometric or Mass Spectrometric Detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 909, 13,2001
• [18] Popiel S., Witkiewicz Z., Nalepa T.: The reaction of sulphur mustard with the active components of organic taminants, J. Hazard. Mater., 123,269,2005
• [19] Popiel S., Witkiewicz Z., Szewczuk Z.: The GC/AED studiens on the reactions of sulphur mustard with oxidans, J. Hazard. Mater., B123, 94, 2005
• [20] Harvey S. D., Nelson D. A., Wright B. W, Grate J.W.: Selective stationary phase for solid-phase microextraction analysis of sarin (GB), J. Chromatogr.A, 954,217,2002
• [21] Kuperman R. G., Checkai R. T, Ruth L. M., Henry T, Simmini M., Kimmel D. G., Philips C. T, Bradley B. P.: Pedobiologia ,47, 617, 2003
• [22] Sokołowski M.:, The OPCW Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometr for On-site Analysis. Instrumentation, AMDIS Software and Preparations for Use, In: Markku Mesilaakso (Ed.), Chemical Weapons Conwention Chemicals Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, 2005
• [23] Kinoshita K., Shida Y., Sakuna C., Ishizaki M., Kiso K., Shikino O., Ito H., Morita M., Ochi T, Kaise T., Appl. Organometal. Chem., 19,287,2005
• [24] Hooijschuur E.W.J., Kientz C.B., Brinkman U.A.: Analytical separation techniques for the determination of chemical warfare agents, Th. J. Chromatogr. A, 982,177,2002
• [25] Witkiewicz Z., Mazurek M., Szule J.: Chromatographic analysis of chemical warfare agents, J. Chromatogr. A, 503,293, 1990
• [26] Mazurek M., Witkiewicz Z., Popiel S., Śliwakowski M.: Additional Sampling and Analysis Information Blister Agent: SULFUR MUSTARD, J. Chromatogr. A,919,133,2001
• [27] Master Z., Sturgeon R.: Trace element speciation using solid phase microextraction, Spectrochim. Acta Part B, 60, 1243,2005
• [28] Kaipainem A., Kostiainem O., Riekkola M.L.: Identification of chemical warfare agent in air samples using capillary column gas chromatography with three simultaneous detectors, J. Microcol. Sep., 4, 245,1992
• [29] Kimm L.G., Hook G.L., Smith P.A.: Application of headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for detection of the chemical warfare agent bis(2chloroethyl) sulfide in soil, J. Chromatogr. A, 971,185,2002
• [30] Hook G.L., Kimm L.G., Koch D., Savage P.B., Ding B., Smitch P.A.: Determination of nerve agent degradation products in environmental samples by liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization, J. Chromatogr. A, 992,1,2003
• [31] Ishizaki M., Yanaoka T., Nakamura M., Hakuta T., Ueno S., Komuro M., Shibata M., Kitamura T., Honda A., Doy M., Ishii K., Tamaoka A., Shimojo N., Ogata T, Nagasawa E., Hanaoka S.J, Health Sci., 51,130,2005
• [32] Hook G.L., Lepage C.J., Miller S.L, Smith P.A.: Dynamic solid phase microextraction for sampling of airborne sarin with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for rapid field detection and quantification , Sep. Sci.,27,1017, 2004
• [33] Borrett V.T, Gan T.H., Lakeland B.R., Leslie D.R., Mathews R.J, Mattsson E.R., Riddell S., Tautaro V.: Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric characterisation of amiton and the recovery of amiton from concrete, paint, rubber and soil matrices, J. Chromatogr. A, 1003, 143,2003
• [34] Alpendurada F.M.: Rapid determination of volatile constituents of Michelia alba flowers by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with solid-phase microextraction, J. Chromatogr.A, 889, 3, 2000
• [35] Zygmunt B., Jastrzebska A., Namieśnik J.: Solid-phase microextraction-a convenient tool for the determiantion of organic pollutants in environmental matrices, J. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 31, 1,200l
• [36] Namieśnik J., Zygmunt B., Jastrzebska A. :Application of solid-phase microextraction for determination of organic vapours in gaseous matrices, J. Chromatogr. A, 885,405,2000
• [37] Wardencki W., Michulec M., Curyło J.: Theoretical and practical aspects of solidphase microextraction in food analysis, Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 39, 703, 2004
• [38] Theodoridis G., Koster E.H.M., De Jong G.J.: J.Chromatogr.B, 745,49,2000
• [39] Mills G.A., Walker Y.: Preliminary investigation of using volatile organic compounds from human expired air, blood and urine for locating entrapped people in earthquakes , J. Chromatogr. B, 753, 259, 2001
• [40] Arthur C.I., Pawliszyn J.: Solid phase microextraction with thermal desorption using fused silica optical fibers, Anal. Chem., 62,2145,1990
• [41] Psillakis E. i Kalogerakis N.: J. Chromatogr. A, "Solid-Phase Microextraction versus single drop microextraction for the analysis of nitroaromatic explosives in water samples", 938,113-120,2001
• [42] Pawliszyn J.: Solid phase microextraction In: Pawliszyn J, (Ed.) Sampling and Sample Preparation for Field and Laboratory, Elsevier,Amsterdam,2002
• [43] Eisert R., Pawliszyn J.: J.Anal. Chem., 69, 3140,1997
• [44] Eisert R., LeversenK.: J. Chromatogr.A, 733, 143,1996
• [45] Zhang Z., Pawliszyn J.: J. High Resoult. Chromatogr., 19, 155, 1996
• [46] Pawliszyn J.: Sample preparation - quo vadis?, Anal. Chem., 75, 2543, 2003
• [47] Mani V: Properties of Commercial SPME Coatings, In: Pawliszyn J., (Ed.), Applications of Solid Phase Microextraction, RSC Chromatography Monographs, Cambridge, 1999
• [48] Zhang Z., Poerschmann J., Pawliszyn J.: Anal. Commun., 33, 219,1996
• [49] Zhang Z.,Pawliszyn J.:Anal. Chem., 367, 34, 1995
• [50] Szostek B., Aldstadt J.H.: Determination of organoarsenicals in the environment by solidphase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr.A, 807,253,1998
• [51] Hook G.L., Kimm L.G., Bedsinger G., Savage P.B., Swif A., Logan T., Smitch P.A.: Solid phase microextraction sampling and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for field detection of the chemical warfare agent O-ethy l S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothiolate (VX), J. Sep. Sci. 26,1091,2003
• [52] Schneider J.F., Boparai A.S., Reed L.L.: Screening for sarin in air and water by solidphase microextraction-gas chromatographymass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 39, 420,2001
• [53] Smith P.A, Sheely M.V, Kluchinsky Ir. TA: Solid phase microextraction sampling and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for field detection of the chemical warfare agent O-ethyl S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothiolate (VX), J. Sep. Sci., 25,917,2002