Dwutlenek węgla jako zamiennik R 22 w domowych urządzeniach klimatyzacyjnych. Cz. 1

• Autorzy: Brown J. S. , Kim Y. , Domański P. A.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Evaluation of carbon dioxide as R 22 substitute for residential air conditioning. Part 1

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

W artykule porównano pracę dwutlenku węgla i czynnika R 22 w domowym urządzeniu klimatyzacyjnym, z wykorzystaniem półempirycznych modeli obiegu sprężarkowego parowego i nadkrytycznego. Analizę przeprowadzono dla mikrokanałowych wymienników ciepła o różnej wielkości zastosowanych w konstrukcji urządzeń. Układ z R 22 uzyskał znacznie wyższy współczynnik COP niż obieg R 744, co oznacza, że lepsze własności kinetyczne tego ostatniego i wyższa sprawność izentropowa jego sprężarki nie rekompensują wad obiegu nadkrytycznego w zastosowaniu do klimatyzacji komfortu.

EN

The paper compares the performance of CO2 and R 22 in residential air conditioning applications using semi-theoretical vapour compression and trans-critical cycle methods. The microchannel heat exchangers have been analysed in the paper. The R 22 system had a significantly better coefficient of performance then the CO2 system when equivalent heat exchangers were used in both systems. This indicates that the better transport properties and compressor isentropic efficiency of CO2 did not compensate for the thermodynamic disadvantage of the transcritical cycle in comfoer cooling applications.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

czynniki chłodnicze; dwutlenek węgla

EN

refrigerating media; carbon dioxide

• Wydawca: Inżynierskie Przedsiębiorstwo Produkcyjno-Usługowe "MASTA" Spółka z o.o.
• Czasopismo: Technika Chłodnicza i Klimatyzacyjna
• Rocznik: 2005
• Tom: nr 3
• Strony: 93--98
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 33 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Brown J. S.

• Catholic University of America, Washington

autor

Kim Y.

• Korea Uniwersity, Seoul

autor

Domański P. A.

• National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg

Bibliografia

• 1 Aarlien, R., and P.E. Frivik. 1998. Comparison of practical performance between CO2 and R-22 reversible heat pumps for residential use. Proceedings of Natural Working Fluids, Il F-IIR Commission 2, Oslo, Norway, pp. 388-398.
• 2 Beaver, A.c., J.M. Yin, C.W. Bullard, and PS. Hmjak. 1999a. Experimental and model study of the heat pump air conditioning systems based on transcritical cycle with R744. Proceedings of 2th International Congress of Refrigeration, Paper No. 434.
• 3 Beaver, A.C., lM. Yin, C.W. Bullard, and P.S. Hmjak. 1999b. An experimental investigation of transcritical carbon dioxide systems for residential air conditioning. ACRCCR-18.
• 4 Boewe, D., lM. Yin, yc. Park, C.W. Bullard, and P.S. Hmjak. 1999. The role of suction linę heat exchanger in transcritical R744 mobile N C systems. SAE International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, Michigan, Paper o. 1999-01-0583.
• 5 Brown, J.S. and P.A. Domanski. 2000. Semi-theoretical simulation model for a transcritical carbon dioxide mobile A/C system. SAE International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, Michigan, Paper 2000-01-0985.
• 6 Brown, lS., S. Yana-Motta, and P.A. Domanski. 2002. Analysis ofan autornotive air conditioning system operating with CO2 and R 134a. International Journal of Refrigeraation25: 19-32.
• 7 Bullock, C.E. 1997. Theoretical perfonance of carbon dioxide in subcritical and transcritical cyc1es. ASHRAE/N l ST Refrigerant Conference, Refrigerants for the 21 st Century, pp. 20-26. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
• 8 Calm, J. M. 1993. Comparative global warming impacts of electric vaporcompresion and direct-fired absorption equipment. Report TRR103297, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Pało Alto, CA, USA.
• 9.Cavallini, A., D. Dei Col, L. Doretti, G.A. Longo, and L. Rossetto. 2000. Condensation of refrigerants inside plain and enhanced tubes. Proceedings of 3 European Thermal Sciences Conference, pp. 51-60.
• 10 Choi, lY., M.A. Kedzierski, and P.A. Domanski. 1999. A generalized press me drop correlation for evaporation and condensation of alternative refrigerants in smooth and micro-fin tubes. NISTIR 6333, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.
• 11 Domanski, P.A. and M.O. McLinden. 1992. A simplified cycle simulation model for the performance rating of refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures. International Journal of Refrigeration 15(2): 81-88.
• 12 Domanski, P.A., D.A. Didion, Wl Mulroy, and J. Parise. 1994a. A simulation model and study of hydrocarbon refrigerants for residential heat pump systems. Proceedings of the I l R Conference on New Applications of Naturai Working Fluids in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, Hanover, Germany, pp.339-354.
• 13 Domanski, P.A., W.J. Mulroy, and D.A. Didion. 1994b. Glide matching with binary and ternary zeotropic refrigerant mixtures. Part 2: A computer simulation. International Journal of Refrigeration 17(4): 226-230.
• 14 Domanski, P.A., Didion, D.A., and Doyle, J.P. 1994c. Evaluation of suction line - liquid linę heat exchange in the refrigeration cycleo International Journal of Refrigeration 17(7): 487-493.
• 15 Eckels, S. J., B. Tesene, and Q. Wang. 1998. In-tube condensation of refrigerants in smooth and enhanced tubes. ASHRAE New investigation Project. DOE. 2001. Federal Register, Vol. 66, No. 143.
• 16 Hwang, Y., and R. Radermacher, 1998. Theoretical evaluation of carbon dioxide refrigeration cycle. HVAC&R Research 4(3): 245-263.
• 17 Kaka, S., and H. Liu. 1998. Heat exchangers: Selection, rating, and thermal design. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.
• 18 Kandlkar, S.G. 1990. A generał correlation for saturated two-phase flow boiling heat transfer inside horizontal and vertical tubes. ASME Journal of Heat Transfer 112:219-228.
• 19 Kim, M.H., and C.W. Bullard. 2001. Performance evaluation of a winndow room air conditioner with microchannel condensers. Submitted to Journal of Energy Resources Technology.
• 20 Krasnoshchekov, E.A., l.V Kuraeva, and VS. Protopopov. 1969. Local heat transfer of carbon dioxide at supercritical pressure under cooling conditions. Teplofizika Wyysokikh Temperatur 7(5): 922-930. (English Translation: High Temperaturę (USSR) 7(5): 856-86.)
• 21 Lorentzen, G., and J. Pettersen. 1993. A new efcient and environmentally benign system for car airditioning. International Journal of Refrigeration 16(1): 4-12.
• 22 McEnaney, R.P., yc. Park, 1.M. Yin, and PS. Hmjak. 1999. Performace of the prototype of a transcritiical R744 mobile NC system. SAE International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, Michigan, PaperrNo. 1999-01-0872.
• 23 Pettersen, 1. 1994. An eficient new automobile air-conditioning system based on CO; vapor compression. ASHRAE Transactions 100(2): 657-665.
• 24 Pettersen, 1. 1999. Carbon dioxide (C02) as a primary refrigerant. London: Centenary Conference of the Institute of Refrigeration.
• 25 Pettersen, l., R. Rieberer, and S.T. Munkejord. 2000. Heat transfer and pressure drop for flow of supercritical and subcritical CO; in microchannel tubes. Finał Technical Report for the United States Anny, European Research Office of the U.S. Army, London, England.
• 26 PitIa, S.S., D.M. Robinson, E.A. Grooil, and S. Ramadhyani.1998. Heat transfer from supercritical carbon dioxide in tube flow: A critical review. HVAC&R Research 4(3): 281-301.
• 27 Richter, M.R., S.M. Sing, 1.M. Yin, M.H. Kim, C.W Bullard, and P.S. Hmjak. 2000. Transcritical CO; he at pump for residential application. Proceedings of 4th II R
• 28 Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, pp.9-16.
• 29 Robinson, D.M., and E.A. GroII. 1998. Efficiencies of transcritical CO; cycles with and without an expansion turbine. International Journal of Refrigeration 21(7): 577-589.
• 30 Sand, J.R., S.K. Fischer, and VD. Baxter. 1997. Energy and global warming impacts of HFC refrigerants and emerging technologies. Alterrnative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study (AFEAS) and U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Washington, Oc.
• 31 Shah, M.M. 1979. A generał correlation for heat transfer during film condensation inside pipes. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 22(4): 547-556.
• 32 Span, R., and W Wagner. 1996. A new equation of stale for carbon dioxide covering the fluid region from the triplepoint temperaturę to 1100 K at pressures up to 800 MPa. lJournall ofPhysical and Chemical Reference Data 25(6): 1509-1596.
• 33 Vesovic, V, WA. Wakeham, G.A. Ollchowy, J.V Sengers, J.T.R. Watson, and 1. Millat. 1990. The transport properties of carbon dioxide. JournaI of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 19(3): 763-808.