Temperatura i zasolenie przydennych warstw wody w zatokach fiordu Hornsund (SW Spitsbergen)

• Autorzy: Wiśniewska-Wojtasik B.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Temperature and salinity of bottom waters in bays of the Hornsund fjord (SW Spitsbergen)

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Obszary wewnętrznych zatok fiordu Hornsund stanowią zróżnicowane i podlegające dynamicznym zmianom środowisko. Badania nad temperaturą i zasoleniem zatok Hornsundu nie były dotychczas prowadzone systematycznie, ponadto koncentrowały się głównie na centralnej części fiordu. W pracy przedstawiono dane pomiarowe temperatury i zasolenia warstwy wody przydennej z dwóch sezonów letnich (2000 i 2002 r.) dla wybranych zatok przylodowcowych Hornsundu oraz przeprowadzono porównanie uzyskanych wyników. Stwierdzono zaznaczające się w tym okresie silne ocieplenie i wzrost zasolenia wód przydennych. Silne ocieplenie wód przydennych zaznaczyło się również w dłuższej skali czasowej (ostatnie 20-30 lat). Dane zebrano podczas prowadzenia prac związanych z badaniami zgrupowań meiobentosu zasiedlających zatoki fiordu.

EN

The Hornsund fjord is located in the southwest part of Spitsbergen. This part is situated in the area of dynamic changes because of two periodically upcoming flows of water, warm West Spitsbergen current and cold East Spitsbergen current. These currents are changeable by means of their specific activities due to variable flow of some waters to the fjord that occur seasonally as well as in many years time. The changeability of physico-chemical conditions of the fjord waters have been monitored for many years by terms of warm years as well as seasonally. Despite of thorough literature conveying the issue of physico-chemical conditions of Isbjornhamna's waters there is not sufficient pieces of information tackling with some conditions that are in numerous bays in the depth of Hornsund fjord. During the biological research in Hornsund concerning inner bays in July of 2000 and 2002 year the measurement of temperature, salinity and conductivity of bottom layers of water were made. The research included the following bays: Brepollen by the forehead of Horn glacier, Hyrne glacier, Mendelejew glacier, by the eastern side of Treskelen peninsula, Samarinvagen, Adriabukta, Austre Burgerbukta, Gashamna and Isbjornhamna. The conducted analysis were done for the water layers that lie 1 meter over the bottom. The research was being done was that moment of intensive flows of glacier waters. The measurement were repeated in 2002, moreover almost for the same positions. When the research was being conducted the Hornsund fjord was under the influence of warm waters on the surface by West Spitsbergen current, according the analysis of the data of surface waters taken by NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostics Centre. As a result of the analysis conducted some great variability of water temperature and salinity for some bays and profiles has been found. For the given positions almost similar values were found by means of two research series (2000 and 2002). The results show indicate to the variability of water layers lied in the given glacier bays. The rise of temperature of bottom waters both in Isbjornhamna and Brepollen that has been noticed during the period of 20-30 years indicates constant warming. The results of various research as well as the conclusions about the long-term lasting warming of the bottom waters available from literature can provide evidence that during the period of 20-30 years there is a change of intensity of West Spitsbergen current. Thus there is a significant change and conversion of water mass filled Hornsund.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Hornsund; wody przydenne; temperatura wody; zasolenie wody; gęstość wody

EN

Hornsund; bottom waters; water temperature; salinity of waters; density of water

• Wydawca: Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
• Czasopismo: Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
• Rocznik: 2005
• Tom: nr 15
• Strony: 155--167
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 26 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Wiśniewska-Wojtasik B.

• Katedra Genetyki i Cytologii, Uniwersytet Gdański, ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk,

Bibliografia

• 1. Druet Cz., 1994, Dynamika stratyfikowanego oceanu. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa: 226 s.
• 2. Ferdynus J., 1997, Główne cechy klimatu morskiego strefy subpolarnej północnego Atlantyku w świetle struktury stanów pogody. Prace Wydziału Nawigacyego WSM, Gdynia: 138 s.
• 3. Görlich K., Stepko W., 1992, Hydrological phenomena related to sea-ice formation and presence in Hornsund, Spitsbergen. [w:] Lanscape, life world and man in High Arctic. Institut of Ecology, PAS, Warszawa: 83–92.
• 4. Haugan P.M., 1999, Structure and heat content of the West Spitsbergenian Current. Polar Research, 18: 183–188.
• 5. Jones E.P., 2001, Circulation in the Arctic Ocean. Polar Research, 20: 139–146.
• 6. Klekowski R.Z., Węsławski J.M. (red.). 1990. Atlas of the marine fauna of Southern Spitsbergen. Tom 1, Ossolineum, Wrocław: 308 s.
• 7. Kruszewski G., 2004a, Wzrost temperatury wód wokółspitsbergeńskich w ostatnim 20-leciu (1982–2002). Polish Polar Studies, 30: 203–211.
• 8. Kruszewski G., 2004b, Zmienność temperatury powierzchni morza w rejonie Spitsbergenu (1982–2002) jako przejaw współcześnie zachodzących zmian klimatycznych. Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej, 14: 79–86.
• 9. Loeng H., 1991, Features of the physical oceanographic conditions of the Barents Sea. Polar Research, 10: 5–18.
• 10. Løyning T.B., 2001, Hydrography in the north-western Barents Sea, July-August 1996. Polar Research, 20: 1–11.
• 11. Lydersen C., Nøst O.A., Kovacs K.M., Fedak M.A., 2004, Temperature data from Norwegian and Russian waters of the northern Barents Sea collected by free-living ringed seals. Journal of Marine Systems 46: 99–108.
• 12. Mamaev O.I., 1970, TS-analiz vod Mirovogo okeana. Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad: 364 s.
• 13. Marsz A., 1987, Brzegi lodowe. Ossolineum, Gdańskie Towarzystwo Naukowe, Gdańsk: 119 s.
• 14. Midttun L., 1990, Surface temperatures of the Barents Sea. Polar Research 8: 11–16.
• 15. Mitchell B.G., Brody E.A., Yeh E.N., Mcclain C., Comisi J., Maynard N.G., 1991, Meridional zonation of the Barents Sea ecosystem inferred satellite remote sensing and in situ bio-optical observations. Polar Research, 10, 1: 147–162.
• 16. Proshutinsky A.Y., Polyakov I.V., Johnson M.A., 1999, Climate states and variability of Arctic ice and water dynamics during 1946–1997. Polar Research, 18: 135–142.
• 17. Styszyńska A., Wiśniewska B., 2002, Zlodzenie zatoki Nottingham (SW Spitsbergen) w latach 1993–2001 – przebieg i uwarunkowania. Polish Polar Studies 28, Poznań: 279–303.
• 18. Swerpel S., 1985, The Hornsund Fiord: water masses. Polish Polar Research, 6, 4: 475–496.
• 19. Swerpel S., 1987, Temperature and salinity of surface water at a coastal measuring point, Isbjörnhamna, Spitsbergen. Polish Polar Research, 8, 1: 57–64.
• 20. Swerpel S., 1992, Water transport in the coastal bays of the Hornsund. [w:] Lanscape, life world and man in High Arctic. Institut of Ecology PAS, Warszawa: 75–81.
• 21. Syvitski J.P.M., 1989, On the deposition of sediment within glacier-influenced fjords: Oceanographic controls. Marine Geology, 85; 301–329.
• 22. Urbański J., Neugebauer E., Spacjer R., Falkowska L., 1980, Physico-chemical characteristic of the waters of Hornsund Fjord on south-west Spitsbergen (Svalbard Archipelago) in the summer season 1979. Polish Polar Research, 1, 4: 43-52.
• 23. Węsławski J. M., Zajączkowski M., Kwaśniewski S., Jezierski J., Moskal W., 1988, Seasonality in Arctic fiord ecosystem: Hornsund, Spitsbergen. Polar Research, 6: 185–189.
• 24. Węsławski J. M., Jankowski A., Kwaśniewski S., Swerpel S., Ryg M., 1991, Summer hydrology and zooplankton in two Svalbard fjords. Polish Polar Research, 12, 3: 445–460.
• 25. Węsławski J. M., Koszteyn J., Zajączkowski M., Wiktor J., Kwaśniewski S., 1995, Fresh water in Svalbard fjord ecesystems. Elsevier. Ecology of Fjords and Coastal Waters: 229–241.
• 26. Zajączkowski M. J., Legeżyńska J., 2001, Estimation of zooplankton mortality caused by an Arctic glacier out flow. Oceanologia, 43 (3): 341–351.