Stan obecny w zakresie substytucji czynnika R 22 w USA

• Autorzy: Calm J. M. , Domański P. A.

Warianty tytułu

EN

R 22 replacement status in USA

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

W artykule zwrócono uwagę na szeroki zakres zastosowań technicznych wycofywanego z użycia czynnika R 22. W kontekście jego własności stwierdzono, iż nie istnieje dotychczas czynnik jednorodny, który mógłby wprost zastąpić R 22. Omówiono wybrane wyniki szczegółowych badań prowadzonych w ramach międzynarodowego programu "R 22 Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation Program ( AREP )" w odniesieniu wyselekcjonowanych pod katem substytucji R 22 płynów, w tym R 134a i szeregu mieszanin zeotropowych, takich jak R 410A, R 407C, R 404A i in. Zwrócono uwagę na możliwości wykorzystania w charakterze płynów roboczych czynników naturalnych, jak : amoniak, dwutlenek węgla czy węglowodory i ich mieszaniny. Jednak ich szersze zastosowanie w Stanach Zjednoczonych i państwach azjatyckich napotyka na szereg ograniczeń natury prawnej. W końcowej części publikacji zwrócono uwagę na tolerancję materiałową nowych czynników, w tym głównie w odniesieniu do środków smarnych stosowanych w sprężarkach.

EN

Special attention has been paid to a variety of application of R 22. The authors showed that there is no one-component substitute for R22. The main results of detailed investigations carried out under international project "R 22 Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation Program (AREP)" have been presented in the paper. The following potential substitutes of R22 have been considered in this report: R 134a, zeotropic blends such as R 410A, R 407C, R 404A, and others. A close attention has been paid to a possible application of natural refrigerants such as ammonia, carbon dioxide, pure hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon blends. However, the common application of these fluids in USA and many Asiatic countries is restricted because of the legislation measures. The material tolerance for new refrigerating media has been considered in the paper, especially with reference to lubricants used in compressors.

• Wydawca: Inżynierskie Przedsiębiorstwo Produkcyjno-Usługowe "MASTA" Spółka z o.o.
• Czasopismo: Technika Chłodnicza i Klimatyzacyjna
• Rocznik: 2005
• Tom: nr 8
• Strony: 268--275
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 18 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Calm J. M.

• Engineering Consultant

autor

Domański P. A.

• U. S> National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

• US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

Bibliografia

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