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Is Flameless Combustion of Importance to Fire Safety ?

Autorzy
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
A systematic but subjective review of available literature on smouldering and glowing combustion and their transition to flaming mode is presented under normal and microgravity conditions. The basic aspects of these processes are analysed and discussed in the context of fire safety. The growing importance of the subject is concluded.
Słowa kluczowe
Rocznik
Strony
79--92
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 53 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
  • Building Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
Bibliografia
  • [1] NFPA: Los Angeles Fire Department Tests - Fire Detection Systems in Dwell-ings. NFPA Quaterly. 1963.201-215.
  • [2] National Fire Incident Reporting System, U.S. Fire Administration, Washington, D.C.
  • [3] ed. Di NENNO: The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 2 nd Edition, NFPA Publication Number: HFPE-95, National Fire Protection Association, USA, 1995.
  • [4] NFPA 92B Guide for smoke management systems in malls, atria and large area. National Fire Protection Association. USA, 1991.
  • [5] EN 13501-2: 2003. Fire classification of construction products and building clements - Part 2: Classification using data from fire resistance tests, excluding ventilation services, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels.
  • [6] EN 1363-1:2003. Fire resistance tests - Part 1: General requirements, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels.
  • [7] EN 1363-2:2003. Fire resistance tests - Part 2: Alternative and additional procedures, European Committee for Standardization. Brussels.
  • [8] LYONS J.W.: The chemistry and uses of fire retardants. John Willey, New York, 1970.
  • [9] ROBERTS A. F.: Calorific values of partially decomposed wood samples, Combustion and Flame, 8, 245-246.
  • [10] ROBERTS A.F.: Ultimate analysis of partially decomposed wood samples. Combustion and Flame, 8, 345-346.
  • [11] BROWNE F.L., BRENDEN J.J.: Heats of combustion of the volatile pyrolysis products of Ponderosa pine. US Forest Service Research Paper FPL 19. US Department of Agriculture. 1964.
  • [12] ROBERTS A.F.: Problems associated with the theoretical analysis of the burning of wood 13th Symposium on Combustion (International). 1971, The Combustion Institute, 893-901.
  • [13] ROBERTS A.F.: A review of kinetic data for the pyrolysis of wood and related substances, Combustion and Flame, 14, 1970, 261-272.
  • [14] ROBERTS A.F.: Problems associated with the theoretical analysis of burning of wood. 13th Symposium on Combustion (International). 1971. The Combustion Institute. 893-903.
  • [15] BAMFORD C.H., CRANK J., MALAN D.H.: The burning of wood, Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 42, 1946, 166-182.
  • [16] MATSUMOTO T.. FUJIWARA .J., KONDO J.: Nonsteady thermal decomposition of plastics. 12th Symposium on Combustion (International). 1969. The Combustion Institute, 515-524.
  • [17] MOUSSA N.A.. TOONG T.Y., GARRIS C.A.: Mechanism of smouldering cellulosic materials. 16th Symposium on Combustion (International). 1977. The Combustion Institute, 1447-1457.
  • [18] DRYSDALE D.D.: An Introduction to fire dynamics, John Willey and Sons Ltd., 1985.
  • [19] GANN R.G.. EARL W.L., MANKA .1., MILES L.B.: Mechanism of cellulose smouldering retardance by sulfur, 18th Symposium on Combustion (International). 1981, The Combustion Institute. 571-578.
  • [20] MADORSKY S.L.: Thermal degradation of organie polymers. Interscience, 1964.
  • [21] Ohlemiller T.J.. Rogers F.E.: A survey of several factors influencing smouldering combustion in flexible and rigid polymer foams. J. Fire and Flammability, 9, 1978. 489-509.
  • [22] Anthenien R.A.. Fernandez-Pello A.C.: A study of forward smoulder ignition of polyurethane foam. 27th Symposium on Combustion (International). 1998. The Combustion Institute. 2683-2690.
  • [23] Ohlemiller T.J., Bellan J., Rogers F.E.: A model of smouldering combustion applied to flexible polyurethane foams, Combustion and Flame. 36. 1979, 197-215.
  • [24] Boonmee N., Quintiere J.G.: Glowing and flaming autoignition of wood, 29th Symposium on Combustion (International). 2002. The Combustion Institute. 289-296.
  • [25] Cohen I., Luft N.W.: Fuel, 34. 1955. 154.
  • [26] Palmer K.N.: Smouldering combustion of dusts and fibrous materials, Combustion and Flame, 1, 1957. 129-154.
  • [27] Egerton A.C., Gugan K.. Weinberg F.J.: The mechanism of smouldering in cigarettes. Combustion and Flame. 7, 63-78.
  • [28] Baker R.R.: Combustion and thermal decomposing regions inside a burning cigarette. Combustion and Flame, 30. 1977.21-32.
  • [29] Kinbara T., Endo H., Sega S.: Downward propagation of smouldering combustion through solid materiał, 11th Symposium on Combustion (International). 1967. The Combustion Institute. 525-531.
  • [30] Ortiz-Molina M.G.. Toong T.. Moussa N.A.. Tesoro G.: Smouldering combustion of flexible polyurethane foams and its transition to flaming or extinguishment, 13th Symposium on Combustion (International), 1971, The Combustion Institute. 1191-1200.
  • [31] MCCarter R.J.: Smouldering of flexible polyurethane foam, .J. Consumer Products Flammability, 3.1976, 128-140.
  • [32] Rogers F.E.. Ohlemiller T.J.: Smoulder characteristics of polyurethane foams. Journal of Fire and Flammability. 11. 1980.32-44.
  • [33] Torero J.L., Fernandez-Pello A.C., Kitano M.: Downward smoulder of polyurethane foam. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Fire Safety Science. 1994. 409-420.
  • [34] Suzuki T.. Sucahyo b.. Kawamata M., Hirano T.: Polyurethane foam smoldering supported by external heating. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Fire Safety Science, 1994. 397-408.
  • [35] Tse S.D.. Fernadez-Pello A.C.. Miyasaka K.: Controlling mechanism in the transition from smouldering to flaming of flexible polyurethane foam. 26th Symposium on Combustion (International), 1996, The Combustion Institute, 1505-1513.
  • [36] Ohlemiller T.J.: Smouldering combustion propagation on solid wood. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Fire Safety Science. 1991. 565-574.
  • [37] Anon: Fatal mattress store tire at Chatham Dockyard, Fire, 67, 388.
  • [38] Drysdale D.D.: Aspects of smouldering combustion. Fire Prevention Science and Technology, Fire Protection Association, London, No.23. 1980. 18-28.
  • [39] Ohlemiller T.J.: Smouldering combustion propagation through penneable horizontal fuel layer, Combustion and Flame. 81, 1990. 341-354.
  • [40] Babrauskas V.: Fuli scale burning behaviour of upholstered chairs. National Bureau of Standards Technical Note No. 1103.
  • [41] Prime D.M.: Ignitability and leather upholstery. Cabinet makers and Retail Fumisher. March 26. 1982. 39.
  • [42] Hotta H.. Moriuchi S.: Detection of smouldering flre in electrical experiment with high internal air flow. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Fire Safety Science, 1986. 699-708.
  • [43] Apostolakis G.E., Catton I., Issacci F., Jones S.. Paul M., Paulos T., Paxton K.: Experimental needs for spacecraft risk assessment. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Fire Safety Science, 1994, 949-960.
  • [44] Leish S.O., Kauffman C.W.. Sichel M.: Smoldering combustion in horizontal dust layers, 20th Symposium on Combustion (International), 1984, The Combustion Institute. 1601-1610.
  • [45] Chen Y., Kauffman C.W., Sichel M.. Fangrat J.. Guo Y.: The transition from smouldering to glowing to flaming combustion. Chemical and Physical Processes in Combustion, 68/1-68/4, 1990.
  • [46] SATO K., SEGA S.: Smolder spread in a horizontal layer of cellulosic powder, Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Fire Safety Science. 1986, 87-96.
  • [47] OHTANI H, MAEJIMA T., UEHARA Y.: In-situ heat release measurements of smouldering combustion of wood sawdust, Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Fire Safety Science, 1991, 557-564.
  • [48] MELAND O., LONVIK L.E.: Detection of smoke: full-scale tests with flaming and smouldering fires, Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Fire Safety Science, 1991, 975-984.
  • [49] OLSON S.L., BAUM H.R., KASHIWAGI T.: Finger-like smouldering over thin cellulosic sheets in microgravity, 27th Symposium on Combustion (International), 1998, The Combustion Institute, 2525-2533.
  • [50] WILLIMS F.A.: Mechanism of fire spread, 16th Symposium on Combustion (International), 1977, The Combustion Institute, 1281-1294.
  • [51] DOSANJH S.S., PAGNI P., FERNANDEZ-PELLO A.C.: Forced concurrent smouldering combustion, Combustion and Flame, 68. 1987, 131-142.
  • [52] KUMAR S.: Field model simulations of vehicle fires in channel tunnel shuttle wagon, Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Fire Safety Science. 1994. 995-1006.
  • [53] ISO/TR 13387-8 Fire safety engineering - Part 2: Design fire scenarios and design fires, International Organization for Standardization, Geneve, Switzerland, 1999.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BWM2-0039-0046
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