Characterisation of surface explosions

• Autorzy: Hieronymus H , Hofmann M. , Bender J. , Henschen Ph. , Wendler R. , Plewinsky B. , Steinbach J.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This contribution presents the explosion behaviour of liquid solvents such as toluene, cyclohexane, and methanol with smooth surfaces below a gaseous oxidizer composed of oxygen and nitrogen. In these systems, diffusion flames, both types of explosions, i.e. deflagrations and detonations, can occur even when the gas phase, composed of the vapor of the solvent and of the oxidizer, is below the lower explosion limit. Since the presence of the liquid surface plays an important role, explosions in such a system are called surface explosions. For practical reasons it is useful to distinguish between surfaces of a long narrow and a large circular shape. Explosions in these subsystems are called one-dimensional and two-dimensional surface explosions, respectively. Experiments have shown that the most dangerous form of surface explosions, the surface detonations, occur within a specific range of physical and chemical parameters such as the composition of the oxidizer, the iitial pressure, and the geometrical factors of the equipment. Safety characteristics such as "explosion range", "explosion limits", "detonation range", "detonation limits", and "limiting oxygen concentration" are defined and discussed particulary for heterogeneous systems.

• Wydawca: Komitet Termodynamiki i Spalania PAN
• Czasopismo: Archivum Combustionis
• Rocznik: 2001
• Tom: Vol. 21 nr 2
• Strony: 117--125
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 11 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Hieronymus H

• Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Berlin, Germany

autor

Hofmann M.

• Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Berlin, Germany

autor

Bender J.

• Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Berlin, Germany

autor

Henschen Ph.

• Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Berlin, Germany

autor

Wendler R.

• Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Berlin, Germany

autor

Plewinsky B.

• Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Berlin, Germany

autor

Steinbach J.

• TU-Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Bibliografia

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• [2] [ PLEWINSKY B., WEGENER W., HERRMANN K.-P.: Surface detonations and indirect ignition processes Prog. in Astronaut. and Aeronautics, 133 (1991) pp. 279-294.
• [3] SYCHEV A.N.: Structure of a Bubble-Detonation Wave Combustion, Explosion, and Schock Waves. Translated from Fizika Goreniya 1 Vzryva (Russian); Vol. 31, No. 5; Consultants Bureau, New York; 1995.
• [4] HASEGAWA T., FIIWARA T.: Detonation in oxyhydrogen bubble liquids. 19th Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institut (1982), p. 675-683.
• [5] SEGEV G., HASSON A., SIMAN M., BURCAT A.: Detonation waves through foam. Twenty-Second Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institut (1988) pp 1751-1756.
• [6] HENSCHEN PH., HIERONYMUS H., ROCKLAND U., WENDLER R., PLEWINSKY B.: Explosions and detonations of foams. 9th International Symposium on Loss prevention and safety promotion in the process industries (1998) Proceedings 2, pp 632-640.
• [7] HENSCHEN PH.: Untersuchung von Oberflächen- und Schaumdetonationen. Dissertation, BAM/TU Berlin 1999.
• [8] HOFMANN M.: Dissertation BAM/TU Berlin, in progress.
• [9] PAWEL D. Untersuchungen über den Anlauf von Gasdetonationen und über Detonationsgrenzen. Dissertation, Göttingen 1971
• [10] European standard EN 1127-1 Explosive atmospheres - Explosion prevention and protection - Part 1: Basic concepts and methodology.
• [11] HIERONYMUS H., PLEWINSKY B.: Anwendbarkeit sicherheitstechnischern Kenngrößen zur Beschreibung der Explosionsgefahr im heterogenen System organisches Lösemittel/gasförmiges Oxidationsmittel 8. Kolloquium zu Fragen der chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik, BAM, PTB 1999, Berlin.