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Surface layer characterisation of bearing rings

Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma
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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Purpose: The X-ray quantitative phase analysis was used to establish volume fraction of transformed retained austenite. Theoretical calculation of residual macro-stresses due to volume fraction of transformed austenite in bearing rings and following measurements of residual stresses were carried out as well. The bearing elements were made of 100Cr6 steel and they were smoothed and grinded. Design/methodology/approach: Particular features of diffraction patterns like angle position; shape and intensity are used to characterize phase composition, residual micro and macro-stresses, crystallographic texture, lattice parameter, defects density and crystalline size. Findings: Machining by micro-deformation causes microstructural changes i.e. mechanically induced phase transformation of retained austenite and residual macrostresses. E.g. grinding cased tension and small compression whereas the mechanical smoothing of bearing rings caused high compresive residual stresses about-713 MPa. Research limitations/implications: For precise interpretation of differences between following results needs another investigations: i.e. measurement of retained austenite and residual stresses in rings after heat treatment before any mechanical treatment. Practical implications: The non-destructive character and large number of structural informations contained in diffraction pattern are the beneficial feature of diffraction methods. Therefore they have potential ability in application to technological operations and to diagnostic during fatigue. Originality/value: The non-destructive structure characterisation of surface layers for various kinds of bearing rings can be powerful method in surface characterization and in quality control. This results contribute in general relations between microstructure and properties.
Rocznik
Strony
661--664
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 15 poz., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
  • Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland, golymarcin@o2.pl
Bibliografia
  • [1] J. M. Moyer, G. S. Ansel, Metallurgical Transaction 6A (1975) 1785-1791.
  • [2] G. W. Greenwood, R. H. Johnson, Proceedings of the Royal Society 283A (1965) 403-432.
  • [3] S. J. Skrzypek, New approach to residual macro-stresses measurement due to grazing angle x-ray diffraction geometry, Dissertation and monograph 108, Scientific-Didactic Press AGH, Kraków 2002 (in Polish).
  • [4] J. Karp, I. Pofelska-Filip, X-ray diffraction quantitative phase analysis RIAF of austenite in steels, Metallurgies Review (1979) 253-269 (in Polish).
  • [5] E. Macherauch, H. Wohlfart, Harterei-Technische Mitteilungen 27 (1972) 230-244 (in German).
  • [6] S. J. Skrzypek, A. Baczmański, W. Ratuszek, E. Kusior, New approach to stress analysis based on grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, Journal of Applied Crystallography 34 (2001) 427-435.
  • [7] H. Welzel, J. Ligot, P. Lamparter, A. C. Vermeulen, E. J. Mittemeijer, Stress analysis of polycrystalline thin films and surface region, Journal of Applied Crystallography 35 (2005) 1-29.
  • [8] B. D. Cullity, S. R. Stock, Elements of X-ray Diffraction, Third edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ07458, 2003.
  • [9] L. A. Dobrzański, S. J. Skrzypek, D. Pakuła, J. Mikuła, Residual macro-stresses of PVD and CVD coatings deposited on tool ceramics substrate with application of the grazing angle X-ray diffraction geometry, Proceedings of 13th International Scientific Conference on „Achievements in Mechanical and Materials Engineering” AMME'2005, Gliwice-Wisła, 2005, 271-276.
  • [10] S. Kocańda, D. Natkaniec, Analytical describtion of the internal stresses in steel elements caused by hardening, Archives of Material Science 12 (1991) 143-163 (in Polish).
  • [11] A. Baczmański, K. Wierzbanowski, J. Tarasiuk, M. Ceretti, A. Lodini, Determination of residua stresses by diffraction metod in anisotropic materials, Archives of Metallurgy 42 (1997) 173-188.
  • [12] C. Noyan, J. B. Cohen, Residual Stresses, New-York-Berlin-London-Paris, Springer-Verlag 1987.
  • [13] H. Dolle, The influence of multiaxial stress state, stress gradients and elastic anisotrophy on the evaluation of residual stresses by X-ray, Journal of Applied Crystallography 12 (1979) 489-501.
  • [14] E. Macherauch, P. Miller, The sin 2 ψ method of stresses measurements by X-Ray diffraction methods, Journal of Applied Physics 7 (1961) 55-58.
  • [15] S. J. Skrzypek, New methodological approach in surface residual stress examinations, Material Science 4 (1998) 1035-1038.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BWAN-0002-0019
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