Development of the digital image data acquisition system for astronomical applications

• Autorzy: Kwiatkowski M. , Kasprowicz G. , Późniak K. , Romaniuk R. , Wrochna G.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The paper describes a piece of a development process for a new generation of high performance, remote control, CCD camera system designed for astronomical applications. A completely new image acquisition system residing on a highly integrated PCBs was designed, manufactured, tested and commissioned. The design process lead through largely redundant PCB design and tests with implemented such features like NIOS, CCD emulator, and a number of open source software. The CCD sensor was positioned in a different way than previously, resulting in better performance of the astronomical video data acquisition system. The Software solutions for the camera and its remote control, as well as image data acquisition are based only on the open source platform. The camera supports both API V4L2 driver and INDI protocol. It will be replicated in 20 pieces and is designed for continuous on-line, wide angle observations of the sky in the Pi-of-the-Sky experiment. The full system, largely reduced in redundant functionalities, thus, with increased reliability, is now under production stage and will be soon implemented in real work conditions.camera was built using a low-noise, 4Mpixel CCD circuit by STA. The electronic circuit of the camera is highly parameterized and reconfigurable, as well as modular in comparison with the solution of first generation, due to application of open software solutions and FPGA circuit. New algorithms were implemented into the FPGA chip. There were used the speed USB2.0 interface, dedicated image processor, GigEth interface, SDRAM and FLASH memories, ARM926EJ-S ARM processor. Software solutions for the camera and its remote control, as well as image data acquisition are based only on the open source platform. The camera supports both API V4L2 driver and INDI protocol. It will be replicated in 20 pieces and is designed for continuous on-line, wide angle observations of the sky in the Pi-of-the-Sky experiment. The full system, largely reduced in redundant functionalities, thus, with increased reliability, is now under production stage and will be soon implemented in real work conditions.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

optical astronomy; high performance CCD cameras; optical counterparts to GRB; FPGA based image data acquisition systems; ARM microprocessors; Nios II; ISI interface; AMBA standard; INDI interface

PL

astronomia optyczna; wysokosprawna kamera CCD; standard AMBA; NIOS; system akwizycji danych; mikroprocesor ARM; FPGA

• Wydawca: Polish Academy of Sciences, Committee of Electronics and Telecommunication
• Czasopismo: Electronics and Telecommunications Quarterly
• Rocznik: 2008
• Tom: Vol. 54, No 3
• Strony: 253--274
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 26 poz., il.

Twórcy

autor

Kwiatkowski M.

autor

Kasprowicz G.

autor

Późniak K.

autor

Romaniuk R.

autor

Wrochna G.

• Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 15/19, 00-665 Warszawa,

Bibliografia

• 1. Web page of "Pi-of-the-Sky" [grb.fuw.edu.pl]
• 2. A. Burd, M. Ćwiok,H. Czyrkowski, R. Dąbrowski, W. Dominik, M. Grajda, M. Husejko, M. Jegier, A. Kalicki, G. Kasprowicz, K. Kierzkowski, K. Krupska, K. Kwiecińska, L. Mankiewicz, K. Nawrocki, B. Pilecki, L. W. Piotrowski, K. T. Późniak, R. S. Romaniuk, R. Sałański, M. Sokołowski, D. Szczygieł, G. Wrochna, W. Zabłotny: Pi of the Sky - all-sky, real-time search for fast optical transients, New Astronomy, vol. 10, no. 5, April 2005, pp. 409-416
• 3. M. Ćwiok, H. Czyrkowski, R. Dąbrowski, W. Dominik, G. Kasprowicz, K. Kwiecińska, K. Małek, L. Mankiewicz, M. Molak, J. Mrowca-Ciułacz, K. Nawrocki, L. W. Piotrowski, P. Sitek, M. Sokołowski, J. Użycki, G. Wrochna: Search for optical counterparts of gamma ray bursts, Acta Physica Polonica, vol. 37, no. 3, March 2006, pp.919-924
• 4. M. Ćwiok, J. Grygorczuk, J. Juchniewicz, L. Mankiewicz, J. Mrowca-Ciułacz, K. Nawrocki, M. Sokołowski, G. Wrochna: Status of the full scale Pi of the Sky experiment (invited paper), Proc. SPIE, vol. 6347, November 2007, pp. 6347.OK. 1-4
• 5. A. Burd, H. Czyrkowski, R. Dąbrowski, W. Dominik, M. Grajda, G. Kasprowicz, L. Mankiewicz, S. Stankiewicz, G. Wrochna: Low noise CCD cameras fro wide field astronomy, Proc. SPIE, vol. 6159, February 2006, pp.160-166
• 6. Strona internetowa satelitarnej sieci koordynacyjnej rozbłysków gamma całego nieba [gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov]
• 7. M. Ćwiok, L. Mankiewicz, K. Nawrocki, M. Sokołowski, J. Użycki, G. Wrochna: Full Pi of the Sky system and simulation, Proc. SPIE, vol 6937, January 2008, pp. 693702:1-9
• 8. Web page of European Southern Observatory [eso.org]
• 9. Controler CY7C68013A [cypress.com/products]
• 10. Controler RTL8169s [realtek.com.tw/products]
• 11. Altera Cyclone EP1C6 circuit [www.datasheetsite.com/datasheet/EP1C6]
• 12. Image processor AD9826 [analog.com/en/prod]
• 13. Processor ARM926EJ-S [arm.com/products/CPUs/ARM926EJ-S]
• 14. G. Kasprowicz, L. Mankiewicz, K. T. Późniak, R. S. Romaniuk, S. Stankiewicz, G. Wrochna: Hardware emulator of the high-resolution CCD sensor for the "Pi of the Sky" experiment, Proc. SPIE, vol. 6937, Jauuary 2008, pp.6937.08.1-7
• 15. M. Kwiatkowski, G. Kasprowicz, D. Rybka, R. S. Romaniuk, K. T. Późniak: NIOS II implementation in CCD camera for "Pi of the Sky" experiment, Proc. SPIE, vol. 6937, January 2008, pp. 6937.09.1-6
• 16. G. Kasprowicz, H. Czyrkowski, R. Dąbrowski, W. Dominik, L. Mankiewicz, K. T. Późniak, R. S. Romaniuk, P. Sitek, M. Sokołowski, R. Sulej, J. Użycki: New low noise CCD cameras for Pi of the Sky project, Proc. SPIE, vol. 6347, November 2006, pp.6347.0N. 1-9
• 17. M. Jegier, K. Nawrocki, K. T. Późniak, M. Sokołowski: Image acquisition in the Pi of the Sky project, Proc. SPIE, vol. 6347, November 2006, pp. 6347.0O.l-5
• 18. M. Kwiatkowski, G. Kasprowicz, K. T. Późniak, R. S. Romaniuk, G. Wrochna: Advanced camera image data acquisition system for Pi of the Sky, Proc. SPIE, WILGA 2008 conference on Photonics for Astronomy and High Energy Physics Experiments, 29 May-01 June 2008
• 19. Video controller ISI [isi96.com/PHY-products/video-cores]
• 20. Video transmission standard ITU-R.BT601 [category.alldatasheet.com/ITU-R.BT601]
• 21. AMBA standard [javvin.com/networkingterms/AMBA]
• 22. Memory chip AT45DB642 [atmel.com]
• 23. Interface API V4L2 [v412spec.bytesex.org]
• 24. Web page Semiconductor Technology Associates [sta-inc.net]
• 25. Web page INDI transmission protocol [indi.sourceforge.net]
• 26. Web page of Clear Sky Institute [clearskyinstitute.com/]