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Effects of composition grading at heterointefaces and layer thickness variations on Bragg mirror quality

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Konferencja
The Fifth International Conference on Solid State Crystals (ICSS-5 ) ; (5 ; 20-24.05.2007 ; Zakopane-Kościelisko, Poland)
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
GaAs/AlAs Bragg mirrors on GaAs with varied number of layer pairs were grown, by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), to be applied for semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) and intensity modulators. Due to the random variation of the growth rate, substrate surface roughness, and interdiffusion at the interfaces, precise control of the growth conditions of deposited layers poses a serious problem. Usually, thickness variations and composition grading at the heterointefaces result in variations of the mirror reflectivity. In this paper, the high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), optical reflectance, Rutherford backscattering/channelling (RBS), supported by numerical evaluation methods were employed to determine both the exact thickness of each layer and the composition grading at the interface between succeeding layers of GaAs/AlAs-based mirrors. To reduce ambiguity and to speed up the analysis, the rocking curves and RBS spectra were simulated concurrently, using results of one simulation to verify the others. This process was carried out until the best fit between experimental and calculated curves was achieved. The complementary use of both methods results in improved sensitivity and makes the whole process of evaluation of the thickness variation of each layer and the size of the composition grading at the interfaces less time consuming.
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Twórcy
autor
autor
autor
autor
autor
  • Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, 133 Wólczyńska Str., 01-919 Warsaw, Poland, gaca-j@itme.edu.pl
Bibliografia
  • 1. F. Rinaldi, J.M. Ostermann, A. Kroner, and R. Michalzik, "High-performance AlGaAs-based VCSELs emitting in the 760 nm wavelength range", Optic Comm. 270, 310-313 (2007).
  • 2. A.C. Tropper and S. Hoogland, "Extended cavity surfaceemitting semiconductor lasers", Prog. Quant. Electron. 30, 1-43 (2006).
  • 3. U. Keller, K.J. Weingarten, F.X. Kartner, D. Kopf, B. Braun, I.D. Jung, R. Fluck, C. Honninger, N. Matuschek, and J. Aus der Au, "Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) for femtosecond to nanosecond pulse generation in solid-state lasers", IEEE J. Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 2, 435-453 (1996).
  • 4. K. Tai, L. Yang, Y.H. Wang, J.D. Wynn, and A.Y. Cho, "Drastic reduction of series resistance in doped semiconductor distributed Bragg reflectors for surface-emitting lasers", Appl. Phys. Lett. 56, 2496-2498 (1990).
  • 5. J.M. Fastenau and G.Y. Robinson, "Low-resistance visible wavelength distributed Bragg reflector using small energy band offset heterojunctions", Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 3758-3760 (1999).
  • 6. A. Turos, J. Gaca, M. Wojcik, L Nowicki, R. Ratajczak, R. Groetzchel, F. Eichhorn, and N. Shell, "Virtues and pitfalls in structural analysis of compound semiconductors by the complementary use of RBS/channelling and high resolution X-ray diffraction", Nucl. Inst. and Meth. B219-220, 618-625 (2004).
  • 7. V.P. LaBella, H. Yang, D.W. Bullock, P.M. Thibado, P. Kratzer, and M. Scheffer, "Multiscale modelling of nanomechanics and micromechanics: an overview", Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2989-2992 (1999).
  • 8. M. Mrozowicz and J. Gronkowski, "X-ray diffraction study of structural quality of photorefractive BGO and BSO crystals", Opto-Electron. Rev. 9, 344-346 (2001).
  • 9. S.M. Durbin and G.C. Follis, "Darwin theory of heterostructure diffraction", Phys. Rev. B51, 10127-10133 (1995).
  • 10. H. Kogelnik and C.V. Shank, "Coupled-wave theory of distributed feedback lasers", J. Appl. Phys. 43, 2327-2335 (1972).
  • 11. P.F. Fewster, "Interface roughness and period variations in MQW structures determined by X-ray diffraction", J. Appl. Cryst. 21, 524-529 (1988).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BWA9-0021-0003
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