Raman system for on-line monitoring and optimisation of hybrid polymer gelation

• Autorzy: Gnyba M. , Keränen M. , Maaninen A. , Suhonen J. , Jędzrzejewska-Szczerska M. , Kosmowski B. B. , Wierzba P.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Authors designed and built a Raman spectroscopic system for non-invasive, remote, on-line monitoring of gelation, which is the first step of a sol-gel process used for synthesis of hybrid polymers for photonics. The system was connected with typical glass reaction vessel. Suitable design of an optical system reduced excitation of interfering Raman signal in the wall of the reactor. Application of two excitation wavelengths reduced influence of fluorescence on measurements and provided high efficiency of the Raman system in wide range extending from 200 to 3500 cm⁻¹. Synthesised materials were based on silane precursors having epoxy and amino functionality. Raman spectroscopy enabled strict control over molecular structure of the materials during the polymerization process. Time and efficiency of monomers hydrolysis were measured. Products of this reaction were evaluated. The obtained data enabled us optimisation of the process parameters which ensured high efficiency of hydrolysis and subsequent control of solution viscosity. Moreover, behaviour of amine groups and epoxy rings was investigated and influence of water and solvents was found.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Raman spectroscopy; process monitoring; hybrid polymers; sol-gel technology

• Wydawca: Stowarzyszenie Elektryków Polskich ; Polska Akademia Nauk ; Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
• Czasopismo: Opto-Electronics Review
• Rocznik: 2005
• Tom: Vol. 13, No. 1
• Strony: 9--17
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 11 poz., rys., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Gnyba M.

• Gdańsk University of Technology, Department of Optoelectronics, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland

autor

Keränen M.

• VTT Electronics, Kaitoväylä 1, P.O. Box 1100, FIN-90571 Oulu, Finland

autor

Maaninen A.

• VTT Electronics, Kaitoväylä 1, P.O. Box 1100, FIN-90571 Oulu, Finland

autor

Suhonen J.

• VTT Electronics, Kaitoväylä 1, P.O. Box 1100, FIN-90571 Oulu, Finland

autor

Jędzrzejewska-Szczerska M.

• Gdańsk University of Technology, Department of Optoelectronics, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland

autor

Kosmowski B. B.

• Gdańsk University of Technology, Department of Optoelectronics, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland

autor

Wierzba P.

• Gdańsk University of Technology, Department of Optoelectronics, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland

Bibliografia

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• 2. A.B. Seddon, “Sol-gel derived organic-inorganic hybrid materials for photonic applications”, Proc. IEE Colloquium on Sol-Gel Materials for Device Applications, pp. 6/1–6/6 (1998).
• 3. J.T. Rantala, R.S. Penner, S. Honkanen, N. Nordman, O. Nordman, J. Vähäkangas, M. Fallahi, and N. Peyghambarian, “Electron-radiation-sensitive hybrid sol-gel materials for electron-beam lithography and diffractive optics”, Proc. SPIE 3469, 30–37 (1998).
• 4. I.G. Marino, D. Bersani, and P.P. Lottici, “Holographic gratings in DR1-doped sol-gel silica and ORMOSILs thin films”, Optical Materials 15, 279–284 (2001).
• 5. W. Que, Z. Sun, Y. Zhou, Y.L. Lam, S.D. Cheng, Y.C. Chan, and C.H. Kam, “Preparation of hard optical coatings based on organic/inorganic composite by sol-gel method”, Materials Letters 42, 326–330 (2000).
• 6. M. Gnyba, M. Keränen, M. Kozanecki, R. Bogdanowicz, B.B. Kosmowski and P. Wroczynski, “Raman investigation of sol-gel-derived hybrid polymers for optoelectronics”, Opto-Electron. Rev. 10, 137–143 (2002).
• 7. B. Riegel, S. Blittersdorf, W. Kiefer, S. Hofacker, M. Müller, and S. Schottner, “Kinetic investigations of hydrolysis and condensation of the glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane/aminopropyltriethoxy-silane system by means of FT-Raman Spectroscopy”, J. Non-Crystalline Solids 226, 76–84 (1998).
• 8. M.J. Pelletier, Analytical Applications of a Raman Spectroscopy, Blackwell Science, Oxford, 1999.
• 9. J.L. Koenig, Spectroscopy of Polymers, Elsevier, New York, 1999.
• 10. D. Lin-Vien, N.B. Colthrup, W.G. Fateley and J.G. Grasselli, The Handbook of Infrared and Raman Characteristic Frequencies of Organic Molecules, Academic Press Inc., San Diego, 1991.
• 11. P. Niemelä, J. Suhonen, J. Sumen, J. Aikio, “A rugged Raman spectrometer for process measurements”, Proc. Finnish Optics Days – Oulu, 35 (1998).